Uterine prolapse

Uterine prolapse is caused by the loss of anatomic support for the uterus.

Late-stage prolapse usually presents as a palpable protruding cervix with vaginal tissue, which is often noticed by the patient.

Symptoms include sensation of vaginal bulging, pelvic pressure, urinary frequency or incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying, defecatory dysfunction, and dyspareunia.

Diagnosis is made by vaginal examination during resting and straining.

Conservative management encompasses observation, physical therapy, and use of pessaries.

Surgical intervention is by either a vaginal or an abdominal approach, with or without augmenting graft material.

Vaginal bleeding, abnormal discharge, dyspareunia, urinary retention, and pelvic pain are possible complications of therapy.

Uterine prolapse is the loss of anatomic support for the uterus, typically surrounding the apex of the vagina. The anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall may also be involved.

Uterine prolapse is one of the conditions encompassed by the term pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and the names may be used synonymously. POP describes cystocele (bladder prolapse), rectocele (prolapse of rectum or large bowel), and enterocele (prolapse of small bowel); all of these are often associated with prolapse of the uterus.