Last reviewed: 18 Dec 2021
Last updated: 17 Dec 2019
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Other diagnostic factors
- epigastric pain
- fullness
- bloating
- weight loss
- succussion splash
Risk factors
- diabetes mellitus
- previous gastric and pancreatic surgery
- female sex
- achalasia
- celiac disease
- anorexia
- Parkinson disease
- multiple sclerosis
- scleroderma
- amyloidosis
- SLE
- hypothyroidism
- chronic renal insufficiency
- acute viral infection
- paraneoplastic syndrome (tumor-associated)
- use of specific drugs
- alcohol
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- CBC
- serum glucose
- serum creatinine
- serum potassium
- serum total protein
- serum albumin
- serum amylase and lipase
- pregnancy test
- abdominal x-ray
Investigations to consider
- endoscopy
- contrast radiography
- gastric emptying scintigraphy
- nondigestible capsule test
- gastric emptying breath test (GEBT)
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Savio C. Reddymasu, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Phoenix Regional Campus
St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
Phoenix
AZ
Disclosures
SCR declares that he has no competing interests.
Mojtaba M. Olyaee, MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City
KS
Disclosures
MMO declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
John Kepros, MD
Director
Trauma Services
Assistant Professor
Michigan State University
Lansing
MI
Disclosures
JK declares that he has no competing interests.
Eamonn M.M. Quigley, MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI
Department of Medicine
Clinical Sciences Building
Cork University Hospital
Cork
Ireland
Disclosures
EMMQ declares that he has no competing interests.
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