Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- single or multiple scaly macules or plaques
- scaly lesions with a hyperkeratotic surface
- well-defined, scaly, brown lesions
- lesions resembling seborrheic keratosis, melanocytic nevus, and early malignant melanoma
- hypertrophic conical-shaped protuberances growing from the surface of the skin
- scaly red roughness with induration, fissuring, and ulceration of the lower lip to the commissures
- lesion on sun-exposed area of body
- skin-colored, papillomatous, elevated wartlike papules
- plaques with very mild scale over very thin shiny skin
- violaceous well-defined papules with fine white lines on the surface
Risk factors
- chronic exposure to UVB radiation
- light-colored skin, freckling, and albinism
- age >40 years
- male gender
- immunocompromise
- xeroderma pigmentosum
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Brian Berman, MD, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami
Skin & Cancer Associates, LLP
Co-Director
Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research
Aventura
FL
Disclosures
BB has acted as an investigator for and received research support from Medicis, LEO Pharma, DUSA, and Ferndale. He has also been a consultant and on the speakers' bureau of Medicis, LEO Pharma, DUSA, Dermira, Novartis, Galderma, Ferndale, Berg, Pharmaderm, Valeant, Pfizer, and Biofrontera.
Sadegh Amini, MD
Dermatologist
Hollywood Dermatology and Cosmetic Specialists
Hollywood
Voluntary Assistant Professor
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine
Miami
Staff
Department of Dermatology
Jackson Memorial Hospital
Miami
FL
Disclosures
SA declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
David S. Cassarino, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Departments of Pathology and Dermatology
UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
DSC declares that he has no competing interests.
Christopher Shea, MD
Dermatopathology Fellowship Director
University of Chicago
Section of Dermatology
Chicago
IL
Disclosures
CS declares that he has no competing interests.
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