Last reviewed: 5 Oct 2024
Last updated: 28 Jan 2022
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of polytrauma/multiple injury
- paralysis of shoulder
- paralysis of bicep
- numbness of radial digits of hand and shoulder
- paralysis of triceps
- paralysis of wrist/finger extensors
- flail/insensate extremity
- absent tendon reflexes
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Risk factors
- motor vehicle accident
- neurofibromatosis
- improper positioning during surgery
- age <50 years
- male sex
- Parsonage-Turner syndrome
- tumors (primary and metastatic tumors)
- rib abnormalities
- metabolic disorders
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Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- Electromyography
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Tests to consider
- MRI
- CT/myelography
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Emerging tests
- Ultrasound
Treatment algorithm
ACUTE
upper (C5-6) with or without middle (C7) root injury
isolated lower root (C8-T1) injury
total root avulsion (C5-T1) injury
Contributors
Authors
Rahul K. Nath, MD
Director
Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute
Houston
TX
Disclosures
RKN is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Abdelouahed Amrani, MD
Professor
Children's Hospital
Rabat
Morocco
Disclosures
AA declares that he has no competing interests.
S. Raja Sabapathy, MS, MCh, DNB, FRCS, MAMS
Director and Head
Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery and Burns
Ganga Hospital
Coimbatore
India
Disclosures
SRS declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Functional or psychogenic weakness (e.g., unilateral loss of motor function or psychogenic parkinsonism)
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Brain or spinal cord injury
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- ACR appropriateness criteria: plexopathy
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Rotator cuff injury
Whiplash
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