Evaluation of hyponatremia

Last reviewed: 27 Aug 2023
Last updated: 21 Jul 2022

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Hypotonic replacement of excess fluid loss
  • Drug-induced
  • Renal failure
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Psychogenic polydipsia
  • Intracranial surgery
  • Head injury
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
  • Irrigation of operative field
  • Artifact in multiple myeloma
Full details

Uncommon

  • Beer drinker's potomania
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Salt-wasting nephropathy
  • Mineralocorticoid deficiency
  • Idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
  • Stroke
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
  • Lymphoma
  • Cervical cancer
  • Leukemia
  • Central nervous system tumors
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pneumonia
  • Lung abscess
  • COPD
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Positive-pressure ventilation
  • Artifact in hypertriglyceridemia
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Ghania Masri, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

University of Florida

College of Medicine Jacksonville

Jacksonville

FL

Disclosures

GM declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Sean M. Bagshaw, FRCPC

Consultant Intensivist

Assistant Professor

University of Alberta Hospital

Alberta

Canada

Disclosures

SMB declares that he has no competing interests.

Laurie Solomon, MD FRCP

Consultant Nephrologist

Renal Unit

Lancashire Teaching Hospitals

Fulwood

Preston

UK

Disclosures

LS declares that he has no competing interests.

James W. Lohr, MD

Professor of Medicine

Veterans Hospital

Buffalo

NY

Disclosures

JWL declares that he has no competing interests.

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