Mycobacterium avium complex
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- underlying lung disease
- chronic productive cough
- dyspnea
- weight loss
- fatigue
- fever
- lymphadenopathy
- immunocompromised
- hot tub use
Other diagnostic factors
- age under 5 years
- middle-to-old age
- night sweats
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- rhonchi/crackles
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
- thin body habitus
- pectus excavatum
- scoliosis
- systolic click and murmur
Risk factors
- underlying lung diseases
- smoking
- excessive alcohol use
- increasing age
- hot tub use
- HIV/AIDS
- severe immunosuppression
- genetic cytokine defects
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- CBC with differential
- LFT
- chest x-ray
- sputum culture
- blood culture
Tests to consider
- high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning
- bone marrow aspirate for culture
- bronchoscopy/bronchial lavage
- lung biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
Emerging tests
- polymerase chain reaction
Treatment algorithm
pulmonary MAC
disseminated MAC
MAC lymphadenitis
MAC hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Contributors
Authors
Zelalem Temesgen, MD, FIDSA
Professor of Medicine
Director, Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
Director, HIV Program
Consultant, Division of Infectious Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Divulgaciones
ZT declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Temesgen would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Dereje S. Ayo, a previous contributor to this topic.
Divulgaciones
DSA declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Jonathan P. Parsons, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Ohio State University Medical Center
Columbus
OH
Divulgaciones
JPP declares that he has no competing interests.
Sandro Vento, MD
Director
Infectious Diseases Unit
Annunziata Hospital
Cosenza
Italy
Divulgaciones
SV declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
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Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease. 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb 15;175(4):367-416.Texto completo Resumen
Daley CL, Iaccarino JM, Lange C, et al. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 14;71(4):e1-36.Texto completo Resumen
Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Thorax. 2017 Nov;72(suppl 2):ii1-64.Texto completo
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Pulmonary tuberculosis
- Other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
- HIV-related lymphoma
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV
Más Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Quitting smoking
Más Folletos para el paciente
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