Summary
Differentials
Common
- Nonsecretory adrenal adenomas
Uncommon
- Cushing syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Adrenal cysts
- Adrenal myelolipomas
- Adrenal hemangiomas
- Adrenal ganglioneuroma
- Granulomatous infiltrative adrenal lesions
- Adrenocortical carcinoma
- Adrenal metastases
- Adrenal malignant melanoma
Contributors
Authors
Benjamin Viglianti, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Division of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Radiology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
BV declares that he has no competing interests.
Mitchel Muhleman, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Radiology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
MM declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel Wale, DO
Associate Professor
Division of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Radiology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
DW declares that he has no competing interests.
Ka Kit Wong, MBBS
Associate Professor
Division of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Radiology
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
KKW declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Benjamin Viglianti, Dr Mitchel Muhleman, Dr Daniel Wale, and Dr Ka Kit Wong would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Milton D. Gross and Dr Anca M. Avram, the previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
MDG is an author of references cited in this topic. AMA declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Shehzad Basaria, MD
Assistant Professor
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
SB declares that he has no competing interests.
Lawrence S. Kirschner, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Ohio State University
Columbus
OH
Disclosures
LSK declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003 Mar 4;138(5):424-9.Full text Abstract
Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-10. Abstract
Fassnacht M, Tsagarakis S, Terzolo M, et al. European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Jul 20;189(1):G1-42.Full text Abstract
Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, et al. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons medical guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas. Endocr Pract. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(suppl 1):1-20.Full text Abstract
Expert Panel on Urological Imaging., Mody RN, Remer EM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Adrenal Mass Evaluation: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Nov;18(11s):S251-S267.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer