Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- heartburn
- regurgitation
- dysphagia
Other diagnostic factors
- chest pain
- laryngitis
- cough
- Dyspnea or wheezing
- history of aspiration pneumonia
Risk factors
- acid/bile reflux or GERD
- increased age
- white ethnicity
- male sex
- family history of Barrett esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma
- obesity
- smoking
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- upper GI endoscopy with biopsy
- Barium esophagogram
Emerging tests
- chromoendoscopy
- autofluorescence imaging
- confocal laser endomicroscopy
- optical coherence tomography
- spectroscopy
- transnasal endoscopy
- capsule endoscopy
- gelatin-coated sponge
Treatment algorithm
nondysplastic Barrett esophagus
low-grade dysplasia
high-grade dysplasia
Contributors
Authors
Andres F. Carrion, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Medical Director of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Division of Gastroenterology
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
El Paso
TX
Disclosures
AFC is a scientific advisor for Intercept Pharmaceuticals and Gilead Sciences, and is on the speaker bureau for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Merck, and Alexion.
Marc J. Zuckerman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief
Division of Gastroenterology
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
El Paso
TX
Disclosures
MJZ declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Andres F. Carrion and Dr Marc J. Zuckerman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Vic Velanovich, the previous contributor to this monograph.
Disclosures
VV is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph.
Peer reviewers
Richard E. Sampliner, MD
Professor
Medicine Chief
Department of Gastroenterology
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Tucson
AZ
Disclosures
RES declares that he has no competing interests.
Peter McCulloch, MBChB, MA, MD, FRCS (Ed), FRCS (Glas)
Clinical Reader in Surgery
Nuffield Department of Surgery
University of Oxford
Oxford
UK
Disclosures
PM declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Esophagitis
- GERD
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Guideline on informed consent for GI endoscopic procedures
- Endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with Barrett’s esophagus–associated dysplasia and intramucosal cancer
More GuidelinesPatient leaflets
Heartburn
Sore throat
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