Last reviewed: 28 Apr 2022
Last updated: 13 Dec 2019
Summary
Differentials
Common
- GI loss of bicarbonate
- Renal loss of bicarbonate - renal tubular acidosis type 1 and 2
- Renal tubular acidosis type 4
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Alcohol ketoacidosis
- Ingestion of toxic substances
- Acetaminophen ingestion (5-oxoproline toxicity)
- Salicylate intoxication
- Lactic acidosis
- Acute renal failure
- Chronic renal failure
Full details
Contributors
Authors
Dinkar Kaw, MD, FACP, FASN

Professor of Medicine
Division of Nephrology
Department of Medicine
University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
Toledo
OH
Disclosures
DK declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Dinkar Kaw would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Joseph I. Shapiro, a previous contributor to this monograph. JIS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Tausif Zar, MD
Staff Nephrologist
Division of Nephrology
Department of Medicine
Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Tucson
AZ
Disclosures
TZ declares that he has no competing interests.
Andrew Fenves, MD
Professor of Medicine
Baylor University Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Disclosures
AF declares that he has no competing interests.
Calculators
Anion Gap
More CalculatorsLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer