Contraception

最后审阅: 18 Aug 2025
最后更新: 17 Jul 2025

小结

详细信息

  • Initial counseling
  • Barrier methods
  • Barrier methods: the diaphragm and cervical cap
  • Barrier methods: the female condom
  • Barrier methods: the male condom
  • Barrier methods: spermicide
  • Behavioral methods
  • Behavioral methods: lactational amenorrhea
  • Behavioral methods: periodic abstinence
  • Behavioral methods: withdrawal
  • Hormonal contraception
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives (estrogen/progestogen)
  • Contraindications to estrogen-containing contraceptives
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives: estrogen/progestogen pills
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives: estrogen/progestogen patch
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives: estrogen/progestogen vaginal ring
  • Progestogen-only contraceptives
  • Progestogen-only contraceptives: progestogen-only pill
  • Progestogen-only contraceptives: progestogen implant
  • Progestogen-only contraceptives: progestogen injection
  • Non-hormonal contraception
  • Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
  • Intrauterine devices: copper IUD
  • Intrauterine devices: progestogen IUD
  • Sterilization
  • Sterilization: female sterilization
  • Sterilization: male sterilization
  • Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraceptives
  • Emergency contraception
  • Emergency contraception: progestogen-only emergency contraception
  • Emergency contraception: ulipristal
  • Emergency contraception: copper IUD
  • Emergency contraception: estrogen/progestogen emergency contraception
  • Guidelines
完整详情

撰稿人

作者

Anne Burke, MD, MPH

Associate Professor

Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

AB has received research support from Merck and Chemo.

鸣谢

Dr Anne Burke would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ruth Lesnewski, a previous contributor to this topic.

利益声明

RL declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Larry Leeman, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine

Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Family Medicine Department

University of New Mexico

Albuquerque

NM

利益声明

LL declares that he has no competing interests.

Suzan Goodman, MD, MPH

Director

TEACH Program

Assistant Clinical Professor

UCSF and UCD

San Francisco

CA

利益声明

SG has served as an Implanon training specialist for Organon Inc.

Lesley Bacon, FFSRH, MRCGP

Consultant in Sexual and Reproductive Health

Lewisham Primary Care Trust

Waldron Health Centre

London

UK

利益声明

LB was a member of the group that produced the 2006 Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health guidance on the management of women with vaginal discharge presenting in a non-genitourinary settings.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Curtis KM, Nguyen AT, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep 2024;73(3):1-77.全文  摘要

The Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH) of the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for contraceptive use (UKMEC). Sep 2019 [internet publication].全文

World Health Organization. Medical Eligibility Criteria for contraceptive use (MEC). Fifth edition. Aug 2015 [internet publication].全文  摘要

Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep 2024;73(4):1-126.全文  摘要

Stewart FH, Harper CC, Ellertson CE, et al. Clinical breast and pelvic examination requirements for hormonal contraception: Current practice vs evidence. JAMA. 2001 May 2;285(17):2232-9. 摘要

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 186 summary: long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Nov;130(5):1173-5. 摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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