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Acute otitis media

Last reviewed: 1 Dec 2025
Last updated: 19 Feb 2025

Summary

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • otalgia
  • preceding upper respiratory symptoms
  • bulging tympanic membrane
  • myringitis
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • irritability
  • sleep disturbance
  • fever
  • decreased appetite
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • day care attendance
  • older siblings
  • young age
  • family history
  • Native American or Native Alaskan
  • male sex
  • absence of breastfeeding
  • supine feedings (bottle propping)
  • pacifier use
  • environmental tobacco smoke
  • lower socioeconomic status
  • craniofacial anomaly
  • immunologic deficiency
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • no initial test
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • pneumatic otoscopy
  • tympanometry
  • acoustic reflectometry
  • bacterial culture of middle ear contents
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

suspected AOM

Agudo

confirmed AOM

Colaboradores

Autores

Carlos E. Armengol, MD

Pediatric Associates of Charlottesville PLC

Charlottesville

VA

Divulgaciones

CEA is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Agradecimientos

Dr Carlos E. Armengol would like to gratefully acknowledge the late Professor J. Owen Hendley, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JOH declared that he had no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Ozgur Yigit, MD

Chief

ENT Department

Istanbul Training and Research Hospital

Istanbul

Turkey

Divulgaciones

OY declares that he has no competing interests.

Peter Bull, MB FRCS

Retired Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist

Formerly at Sheffield Children's Hospital

Sheffield

UK

Divulgaciones

PB declares that he has no competing interests.

Richard Schwartz, MD

Clinical Professor of Pediatrics

Georgetown University and George Washington University School of Medicine

Professor of Pediatrics

Medical College of Virginia

Clinical Professor

University of Virginia Medical College

Charlottesville

VA

Declarações

At the time of the peer review, RS declared no competing interests. We have been informed that Dr Schwartz is now deceased.

Créditos aos pareceristas

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Principais artigos

Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar;131(3):e964-99. [Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2014 Feb;133(2):346.]Texto completo  Resumo

Sjoukes A, Venekamp RP, van de Pol AC, et al. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 15;(12):CD011534.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Acute otitis media images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Otitis media with effusion
    • Myringitis
    • Mastoiditis
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    • Otitis media (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Middle ear infection

    How to help your child avoid ear infections

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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