Last reviewed: 31 Jun 2021
Last updated: 01 Feb 2019
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea
- infertility
- galactorrhea
- loss of sexual desire (libido)
- erectile dysfunction
- visual deterioration (e.g., temporal hemianopia)
Risk factors
- genetic predisposition (e.g., presence of mutation resulting in multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 [MEN-1], familial isolated pituitary adenoma [FIPA])
- estrogen therapy
- female gender, 20 to 50 years of age
- male gender, 30 to 60 years of age
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- serum prolactin
- pituitary MRI
- computerized visual-field examination
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Niamh Martin, MB ChB, PhD, FRCP
Clinical Senior Lecturer in Endocrinology
Imperial Centre for Endocrinology
Department of Medicine
Imperial College London
London
UK
Disclosures
NM declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Niamh Martin would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ilan Shimon, the previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
IS receives consultancy and lecturing fees from Pfizer, Israel, and is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Mark Molitch, MD
Professor
Division of Endocrinology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago
IL
Disclosures
MM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
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