Evaluation of non-visible hematuria

Last reviewed: 21 Oct 2024
Last updated: 25 Jun 2024

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Menstruation
  • Cystitis (urinary tract infection)
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • Acute prostatitis
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Trauma (sexual activity, exercise, contusion)
Full details

Uncommon

  • Bladder stone
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Urothelial cancer (upper tract)
  • Simple renal cyst
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Medullary sponge kidney
  • Atrophic kidney
  • Calyceal diverticulum
  • Renal infarction
  • Renal vein thrombosis
  • Arteriovenous malformations
  • Papillary necrosis
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
  • Vesicoureteral reflux
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Thin glomerular basement membrane disease
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Lupus nephritis
  • Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)
  • Urothelial cancer (bladder)
  • Cystitis (interstitial)
  • Cystitis (radiation-induced)
  • Cystitis (eosinophilic)
  • Bladder diverticulum
  • Bladder papilloma
  • Prostate cancer
  • Prostate stone
  • Bladder neck contracture
  • Urethritis
  • Urethral stricture
  • Phimosis
  • Penile cancer
  • HIV
  • Lymphoma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Urinary tract tuberculosis
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Timothy J. Benton, MD
Timothy J. Benton

Regional Chairman

Professor

Department of Family and Community Medicine

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin

Odessa

TX

Disclosures

TJB declares that he has no competing interests.

Beverly Axe-Lewis, DO

Associate Professor

Regional Chief Medical Informatics Officer

Medical Director Haven Health Clinics

Department of Family Medicine

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Amarillo

TX

Disclosures

BAL declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Brian J. Linder, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Urology and Obstetrics/Gynecology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

BJL declares that he has no competing interests.

Robert Tompkins, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Family Medicine

University of Texas Health Science Center

Tyler

TX

Disclosures

RT declares that he has no competing interests.

Junaid Masood, MBBS, FRCS (Eng), MSc (Urol), FRCS (Urol)

Consultant Urological Surgeon

Bart's and The London NHS Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

JM declares that he has no competing interests.

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