Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- lymphadenopathy
Other diagnostic factors
- unexplained fevers
- night sweats
- weight loss
- dyspnea
- cough
- chest pain
- superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)
- abdominal pain
- pruritus
- alcohol-induced pain at involved sites
- hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly
- tonsillar enlargement
Risk factors
- age 20-34 years and >55 years
- history of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
- family history of Hodgkin lymphoma
- young adults from higher socioeconomic class
- human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types
- Jewish ancestry
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- CBC with differential
- comprehensive metabolic panel
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- thyroid function tests
- screening for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C
- CXR
- PET/CT scan
- gallium scan
- contrast-enhanced CT (neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis)
- excisional lymph node biopsy or core biopsy
- immunohistochemical studies
Investigations to consider
- bone marrow biopsy
- echocardiogram or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan
- pulmonary function tests
Treatment algorithm
early (stage I to II) classical HL: favorable disease and intended for combined-modality therapy
early (stage I to II) classical HL: favorable disease and intended for chemotherapy alone
early (stage I to II) classical HL: unfavorable disease (non-bulky or bulky) and intended for combined-modality therapy
early (stage I to II) classical HL: unfavorable disease (non-bulky) and intended for chemotherapy alone
early (stage I to II) classical HL: unfavorable disease (bulky) and intended for chemotherapy alone
advanced (stage III to IV) classical HL: intended for standard induction therapy (chemotherapy)
advanced (stage III to IV) classical HL: intended for standard induction therapy (chemoimmunotherapy)
advanced (stage III to IV) classical HL: intended for intensive induction chemotherapy
asymptomatic early (stage IA to IIA) NLPHL, non-bulky disease
asymptomatic early (stage IA to IIA) NLPHL, bulky disease; and symptomatic early (stage IB to IIB) NLPHL
advanced (stage III to IV) NLPHL
refractory or relapsed classical HL
refractory or relapsed NLPHL
Contributors
Authors
Alison Moskowitz, MD
Associate Attending
Lymphoma Service
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York City
NY
Disclosures
AM has received research support from miRagen (Viridian) Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Incyte; and honoraria from Imbrium Therapeutics, Merck, and Seattle Genetics. AM is an author of several articles cited in the topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Alison Moskowitz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Chris R. Kelsey, Dr Leonard R. Prosnitz, and Dr Timothy M. Zagar, the previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
CRK, LRP, and TMZ declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Joachim Yahalom, MD
Radiation Oncologist
Director of Postgraduate Education
Department of Radiation Oncology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York
NY
Disclosures
JY declares that he has no competing interests.
Rebecca Connor, MD
Chief Fellow
Section of Hematology and Oncology
Department of Internal Medicine
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Winston-Salem
NC
Disclosures
RC declares that she has no competing interests.
Kirit Ardeshna, MD, MA (Cantab), MB, BChir, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist
University College London Hospitals
London
UK
Disclosures
KA declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Lymphadenopathy from other malignancies
- Infectious mononucleosis
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: management of immunotherapy-related toxicities
More Guidelines
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