Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for the majority (80% to 90%) of kidney cancers. Most RCCs have a clear cell histology.

Often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Most cases are sporadic, although several hereditary clinical kidney cancer syndromes have been identified.

Assessment of primary tumor, regional lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and classification of histologic subtypes is of paramount importance for making treatment decisions.

Surgery for early/local disease can be curative in over 90% of patients; surveillance and/or biopsy may be the most appropriate strategy in some patients with small renal masses.

Immunotherapies and targeted therapies have revolutionized treatment for metastatic disease, with median overall survival improving across all risk groups. Combination therapy (dual immune checkpoint inhibitors or an immune checkpoint inhibitor plus a vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor [VEGF-TKI]) is recommended first-line.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a renal malignancy arising from the renal parenchyma/cortex, and accounts for about 80% to 90% of kidney cancers.[1]American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication]. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/renal-mass-and-localized-renal-cancer-evaluation-management-and-follow-up [2]Powles T, Albiges L, Bex A, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2024 Aug;35(8):692-706. https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(24)00676-8/fulltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38788900?tool=bestpractice.com