Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- age 20 to 34 years
- testicular mass
Other diagnostic factors
- extratesticular manifestation
Risk factors
- cryptorchidism
- gonadal dysgenesis
- family history of testicular cancer
- personal history of testicular cancer
- testicular atrophy
- white ethnicity
- HIV infection
- occupational exposures
- inguinal hernia
- genetic abnormality
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- ultrasound with color Doppler of testis
- chest imaging
- CT scan abdomen and pelvis with contrast
- serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)
- serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
- serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- histologic exam of testicular mass postorchiectomy
Tests to consider
- serum placental alkaline phosphatase
- MRI abdomen and pelvis
- CT scan chest
- biopsy of contralateral testis
Treatment algorithm
suspicious testicular mass
early-stage seminoma
early-stage nonseminoma
seminoma or nonseminoma: stage IIC or stage III disease
seminoma or nonseminoma: relapse disease
Contributors
Authors
Al B. Barqawi, MD, FRCS
Professor of Surgery/Urology
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora
CO
გაფრთხილება:
ABB declares that he has no competing interests.
Corbin J. Eule, MD
Assistant Professor of Medical Oncology
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora
CO
გაფრთხილება:
CJE declares that he has no competing interests.
მადლიერება
Dr Al B. Barqawi and Dr Corbin J. Eule would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Elizabeth R. Kessler, Dr Thomas W. Flaig, and Dr Brandon Bernard, previous contributors to this topic.
გაფრთხილება:
ERK, TWF, and BB declare that they have no competing interests.
რეცენზენტები
Elisabeth Heath, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Karmanos Cancer Institute
Wayne State University
Detroit
MI
გაფრთხილება:
EH declares that she has no competing interests.
Gianfilippo Bertelli, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant/Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology
SW Wales Cancer Institute/Department of Oncology
Singleton Hospital
Sketty
Swansea
UK
გაფრთხილება:
GB declares that he has no competing interests.
Emilio Porfiri, MD, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology
School of Cancer Sciences
University of Birmingham
Birmingham
UK
გაფრთხილება:
EP declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
წყაროები
ძირითადი სტატიები
Stephenson A, Bass EB, Bixler BR, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of early-stage testicular cancer: AUA guideline amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024 Jan;211(1):20-5.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
European Association of Urology. Testicular cancer. 2024 [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
Oldenburg J, Berney DM, Bokemeyer C, et al. Testicular seminoma and non-seminoma: ESMO-EURACAN clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022 Apr;33(4):362-75.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: testicular cancer [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and surveillance of testicular cancer. 2021 [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
Gillessen S, Sauvé N, Collette L, et al. Predicting outcomes in men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT): results from the IGCCCG update consortium. J Clin Oncol. 2021 May 10;39(14):1563-74.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
გამოყენებული სტატიები
ამ თემაში მოხსენიებული წყაროების სრული სია ხელმისაწვდომია მომხმარებლებისთვის, რომლებსაც აქვთ წვდომა BMJ Best Practice-ის ყველა ნაწილზე.
დიფერენციული დიაგნოზები
- Testicular torsion
- Epididymo-orchitis
- Scrotal hernia
მეტი დიფერენციული დიაგნოზებიგაიდლაინები
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: testicular cancer
- Diagnosis and treatment of early stage testicular cancer
მეტი გაიდლაინებიპაციენტის ბროშურები
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer: questions to ask your doctor
მეტი პაციენტის ბროშურები
შედით სისტემაში ან გამოიწერეთ BMJ Best Practice
ამ მასალის გამოყენება ექვემდებარება ჩვენს განცხადებას