Evaluation of dementia

Last reviewed: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 05 Aug 2025

Summary

鉴别诊断

常见

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
  • Delirium
  • Depression
  • Alzheimer dementia
  • Vascular dementia
  • Lewy body dementia
完整详情

不常见

  • Amnestic syndromes
  • Aphasia
  • Frontotemporal dementia
  • Parkinson disease
  • Huntington disease
  • Brain tumors
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Hypopituitarism
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Acute intermittent porphyria
  • Primary hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Wilson disease
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Lyme disease
  • Tuberculosis
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Sjogren syndrome
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Drug use
  • Toxin-induced
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
完整详情

撰稿人

作者

Aarti Gupta, MBBS

Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry (adjunct)

Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Staff Psychiatrist

Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack

NJ

利益声明

AG declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Aarti Gupta would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Rajesh Tampi, Dr Sarper Taskiran, Dr Javier Lopez, and Dr Sunanda Muralee, the previous contributors to this topic. RT, ST, JL, and SM declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Kirsten Wilkins, MD

Associate Professor of Psychiatry

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

利益声明

KW declares that she has no competing interests.

Daniel Kaufer, MD

Director

Memory Disorders Program

Department of Neurology

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

NC

利益声明

DK has received research support, speaking honoraria, and consulting fees from Eisai, Forest Laboratories, Johnson & Johnson, Medivation, Novartis, Ortho-McNeil, and Pfizer.

Lawrence Whalley, MD, FRCP(E), FRCPsych

Professor Emeritus of Mental Health

University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences

Aberdeen

UK

利益声明

LW declares that he has no competing interests.

Randolph Schiffer, MD

Director

Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health

Las Vegas

NV

利益声明

RS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Galvin JE, Sadowsky CH. Practical guidelines for the recognition and diagnosis of dementia. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 May-Jun;25(3):367-82.全文  摘要

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. Jun 2018 [internet publication].全文

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: dementia​. 2024 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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