Резюме
Определение
Анамнез и осмотр
Ключевые диагностические факторы
- high fever
Другие диагностические факторы
- dull frontal headache
- abdominal pain
- anorexia
- apathetic-lethargic state
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- malaise
- nausea
- prostration
- chills
- hepatomegaly
- pneumonia
- relative bradycardia
- rigors
- rose spots
- splenomegaly
Факторы риска
- overcrowded living in endemic areas
- poor sanitation/untreated water in endemic areas
- poor personal hygiene in endemic areas
- visiting endemic countries (e.g., Indian subcontinent, Mexico)
- travel to areas with poor sanitation within endemic countries
- ignoring hygiene rules while traveling in endemic countries
- travel to the Indian subcontinent
- longer duration of stay in endemic country
- antacid/proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment
Диагностические исследования
Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь
- CBC
- serum aminotransferases
- blood culture
- stool culture
- urine culture
- bone marrow culture
- drug susceptibility testing
Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть
- rose spot culture
Алгоритм лечения
suspected enteric fever
confirmed enteric fever
relapse
chronic carriage
Составители
Авторы
Eli Schwartz, MD, DTMH
Professor
Center for Geographical Medicine and Tropical Diseases
Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Tel HaShomer Hospital
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv
Israel
Раскрытие информации
ES is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Bradley A. Connor, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine
New York City
NY
Раскрытие информации
BAC declares that he has no competing interests.
Рецензенты
Chris Parry, MD
Senior Lecturer (Honorary Consultant)
Division of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine
School of Infection and Host Defence
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
Раскрытие информации
CP declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul M. Southern, MD, MSc, DTM&H
Professor
Department of Pathology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas
TX
利益声明
PMS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines position paper. Mar 2018 [internet publication].全文
Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 May;82(5):346-53.全文 摘要
Schwartz E, Shlim DR, Eaton M, et al. The effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among foreigners in Nepal. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Feb;150(2):349-51. 摘要
Ochiai RL, Wang X, von Seidlein L, et al. Salmonella paratyphi A rates, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;11(11):1764-6.全文 摘要
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - typhoid & paratyphoid fever. May 2023 [internet publication].全文
Engels EA, Falagas ME, Lau J, et al. Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity. BMJ. 1998 Jan 10;316(7125):110-6.全文 摘要
Jackson BR, Iqbal S, Mahon B; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Mar 27;64(11):305-8.全文 摘要
Frenck RW Jr, Nakhla I, Sultan Y, et al. Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;31(5):1134-8.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Malaria
- Dengue
- Rickettsial infections
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel: typhoid and paratyphoid fever
- Diagnosis and management of enteric fever in England
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