Epidemiology
In 2019, lower respiratory tract infections affected 489 million people worldwide, and were the cause for approximately 2.5 million deaths. Children <5 years old and adults >70 years old were the populations most affected by pneumonia. Mortality was highest in patients aged >70 years old. Lower respiratory tract infections were the leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide in 2019.[3]Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Lower respiratory infections — level 3 cause. 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.healthdata.org/results/gbd_summaries/2019/lower-respiratory-infections-level-3-cause
[4]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17:396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, the annual incidence of CAP has been estimated at 24.8 cases in 10,000 adults.[5]Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):415-27.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1500245
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26172429?tool=bestpractice.com
Pneumonia and influenza, when considered together, were the eighth leading cause of death (13.5 deaths in 100,000 population) and the leading infectious cause in the US in 2016.[6]Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, et al. Deaths: final data for 2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018 Jul;67(5):1-76.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30248015?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, the annual rate of hospitalization for adults ≥65 years old ranges from 847 to 3500 per 100,000 persons; the rate is lower for adults <65 years old (89 to 1138 per 100,000 persons).[7]McLaughlin JM, Khan FL, Thoburn EA, et al. Rates of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia among US adults: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2020 Jan 22;38(4):741-51.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.101
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31843272?tool=bestpractice.com