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Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Last reviewed: 2 Oct 2024
Last updated: 09 May 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • palpable pulsatile abdominal mass
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • abdominal, back, or groin pain
  • hypotension
Full details

Risk factors

  • cigarette smoking
  • hereditary/family history
  • increased age
  • male sex (prevalence)
  • female sex (rupture)
  • congenital/connective tissue disorders
  • hyperlipidemia
  • COPD
  • atherosclerosis (i.e., coronary artery disease [CAD], peripheral arterial occlusive disease)
  • hypertension
  • central obesity
  • nondiabetic
  • European ethnicity
  • fluoroquinolone antibiotics
  • aneurysms elsewhere in the body
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • abdominal ultrasound
Full details

Tests to consider

  • erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C-reactive protein (CRP)
  • CBC
  • blood cultures
  • computed tomography angiography (CTA)/CT
  • magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)/MRI
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

ruptured AAA

symptomatic, but not ruptured AAA

ONGOING

incidental finding: small asymptomatic AAA

incidental finding: large asymptomatic AAA

endovascular repair leak requiring treatment

Contributors

Authors

Matt J. Bown, MB BCh, MD, FRCS, PGCert (Bioinformatics)

Professor of Vascular Surgery

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences

University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary

Leicester

UK

Disclosures

MJB has grant funding from the British Heart Foundation and the National Institute for Health Research.

Andrew Duncan, MBBS, BSc, MRCS

Honorary Research Fellow

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences

University of Leicester

Leicester

UK

Disclosures

AD declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Professor Matt Bown and Mr Andrew Duncan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Maureen K. Sheehan, Dr Dawn M. Barnes, and Dr Gilbert R. Upchurch, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

MKS, DMB, and GRU declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Ross Naylor, MBBS

Professor of Vascular Surgery

Vascular Surgery Group

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

Leicester Royal Infirmary

UK

Disclosures

RN declares that he has no competing interests.

William Pearce, MD

Chief of Division of Vascular Surgery

Department of Surgery

Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

WP declares that he has no competing interests.

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