Post-exposure HIV prophylaxis
Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- exposure to HIV within past 72 hours
- breakage, slippage, or nonusage of a condom
- history of ejaculation from source
- trauma or skin break
- genital ulcers
- source from high-risk group for HIV viremia
- source from geographic area with high HIV prevalence
- high-risk sexual history in exposed person
- detectable HIV viral load in source
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- history of negative HIV test in source
- source with hepatitis coinfection
- antiviral HIV resistance in source
- current prescription or nonprescription medications
- history of drug allergies
- flu-like illness
Factores de riesgo
- blood transfusion from HIV-positive donor
- sharing injecting equipment
- needlestick injury
- receptive anal intercourse
- receptive vaginal intercourse
- mucus membrane exposure
- insertive anal intercourse
- insertive vaginal intercourse
- receptive oral sex (fellatio)
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- HIV antigen/antibody blood test (blood ELISA or EIA)
- rapid HIV point of care test (POCT)
- renal function tests
- liver function tests (LFTs)
- hepatitis B serology
- hepatitis C antibody
- syphilis serology
- pregnancy test
- screening for other STIs
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- HIV viral load if symptoms of HIV seroconversion
Algoritmo de tratamiento
adults or adolescents ≥13 years: nonpregnant
pregnant or breastfeeding
children
Colaboradores
Autores
Ming Jie Lee, BSc(Hons), MBBS, MRCP
Clinical Research Fellow
Department of Infectious Disease
Imperial College London
London
UK
Divulgaciones
MJL has received consulting fees from Thriva Ltd. and conference reimbursement from Gilead Sciences, Inc., and travel grants from ViiV Healthcare, not related to this work.
Julie Fox, BSc(Hons), MBChB, MRCP, MD
HIV consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer KCL
Department of HIV
Harrison Wing
Guy’s and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
Divulgaciones
JF declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Ming Jie Lee and Dr Julie Fox would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jennifer A. Johnson, Dr Paul Sax, Dr Rebecca Plank, Dr Michael Brady, Dr Emily Cheserem, and Dr Claire M. Naftalin, the previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
JAJ declares that she has no competing interests. PS serves as a consultant for Abbott, BMS, Gilead, GSK, Merck, and Janssen. He receives grant support from BMS, Gilead, and GSK. EC has been sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline for several conferences and sponsored by Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, and Abbott Laboratories to attend various educational programs. CMN has been sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals to attend an educational program. CMN is an author of a reference cited in this topic. MB not disclosed. RP declares that she has no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Professor Margaret Johnson, MB BS, MD, FRCP
Clinical Director
HIV/AIDS Services
Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust
London
UK
Divulgaciones
MJ declares that she has no competing interests.
William Rodriguez, MD
Chief Medical Officer
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND)
Campus Biotech
Geneva
Switzerland
Divulgaciones
Not disclosed.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.
Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. UK guideline for the use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Health and Human Services. Updated guidelines for antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV - United States, 2016. May 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach, 2nd ed. 2016 [internet publication].Texto completo
New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute. PEP to prevent HIV infection. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo
World Health Organization. Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis and recommendations on early infant diagnosis of HIV. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Guías de práctica clínica
- PEP to prevent HIV infection
- UK guideline for the use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis
Más Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Hepatitis C: what is it?
HIV: prevention treatment (PrEP)
Más Folletos para el paciente
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