Evaluation of psychosis

Last reviewed: 5 Oct 2024
Last updated: 30 Jul 2024

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Schizophrenia
  • Schizoaffective disorder
  • Brief psychotic disorder
  • Schizophreniform disorder
  • Depression with psychotic features
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Delusional disorder
  • Alcohol
  • Withdrawal syndrome
  • Cocaine
  • Cannabis
  • Amphetamines
  • Phencyclidine
  • Inhalants (solvents, aerosols, gases, nitrites)
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Dementia
  • Chronic thiamine deficiency (Korsakoff psychosis)
  • Acute hepatic porphyria
Full details

Uncommon

  • Delusional symptoms in partner of individual with delusional disorder (folie a deux)
  • Organophosphate toxicity
  • Anticholinergics
  • Dopamine agonists
  • Other prescription or over-the-counter medications
  • Heavy metal toxicity
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Brain tumor
  • Epilepsy
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Encephalitis (infective or autoimmune)
  • HIV
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Delirium with psychosis
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency
  • Niacin deficiency
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Thyroid dysfunction
  • Thymoma
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Lupus cerebritis
  • Wilson disease
  • Lysosome storage disease
  • Homocystinuria
  • Metachromatic leukodystrophy
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • DiGeorge syndrome
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Adrian Preda, MD

Professor of Clinical Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior

University of California, Irvine School of Medicine

Irvine

CA

Disclosures

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

Graham Blackman, MBChB, MRCPsych

Department of Psychosis Studies

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience

King’s College London

London

UK

Disclosures

GB declares that he has no competing interests. He is an author of publications cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Adrian Preda and Dr Graham Blackman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Karen A. Graham and Dr Diana O. Perkins, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

KAG declares that she has no competing interests. DOP has served as a consultant on antipsychotic medications for Genentech, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, and Sunovion. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill received compensation for research and consulting work by DOP from Genentech, the NIH, Research Triangle Institute, and the State of North Carolina; the university has also been awarded a patent for isolation of pluripotent stem cells from human tissues, with Diana Perkins listed as one of the inventors. DOP has received royalties for the textbook Schizophrenia, published by the American Psychiatric Association Press.

Peer reviewers

Philip McGuire, MBChB, MD, PhD, FRCPsych

Department of Psychosis Studies

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience

King’s College London

London

UK

Disclosures

PM has been reimbursed by manufacturers of antipsychotic drugs for consultancy and speaking at conferences. PM has received grant funding for research and to support scientific conferences.

Vinod H. Srihari, MD

Assistant Professor of Psychiatry

Yale University School of Medicine

Connecticut Mental Health Center

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

VHS declares that he has no competing interests.

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