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Established atrial fibrillation

最后审阅: 18 Aug 2025
最后更新: 22 Nov 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presence of cardiovascular risk factors
  • presence of noncardiovascular risk factors
  • palpitations
  • tachycardia
  • irregular pulse
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • stroke
  • shortness of breath
  • fatigue
  • chest pain
  • dizziness
  • syncope
  • hypotension
  • elevated jugular venous pressure
  • murmur or gallop rhythm
  • rales
  • decrease in mentation or listlessness
完整详情

危险因素

  • hypertension
  • coronary artery disease (CAD)
  • congestive heart failure
  • advancing age
  • diabetes mellitus
  • valvular disease
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • alcohol misuse
  • presence of other arrhythmias
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • thyroid disease
  • autonomic neuronal dysfunction
  • caffeine misuse
  • cancer
  • working long hours
  • excessive exercise
  • height
  • air pollution
  • migraine
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • ECG
  • thyroid profile
  • echocardiogram
  • serum electrolytes (including serum magnesium) and BUN
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • serum aminotransferases
  • prolonged ECG monitoring
  • fasting blood glucose or HbA1c
  • screening for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

paroxysmal or persistent AF: hemodynamically unstable

持续性治疗

paroxysmal or persistent AF and hemodynamically stable: rate-control strategy selected

paroxysmal or persistent AF and hemodynamically stable: rhythm-control strategy selected

permanent AF

撰稿人

作者

Arti N. Shah, MS, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York

NY

利益声明

ANS declares that she has no competing interests.

Bharat K. Kantharia, MD, FRCP, FAHA, FACC, FESC, FHRS

President, Cardiovascular and Heart Rhythm Consultants

Clinical Professor of Medicine

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Attending and Consultant Cardiac Electrophysiologist

Mount Sinai and New York Presbyterian Hospitals

New York

NY

利益声明

BKK declares that he has no competing interests. BKK is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Andrew R.J. Mitchell, BM, MD, FRCP, FESC, FACC

Consultant Cardiologist

Jersey General Hospital

St Helier

Jersey

Channel Islands

利益声明

ARJM declares that he has no competing interests.

Diwakar Jain, MD, FACC, FRCP, FASNC

Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)

Westchester Medical Center

Valhalla

NY

利益声明

DJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Konstadinos Plestis, MD, FACS

Associate Professor

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Mount Sinai Medical Center

New York

NY

利益声明

KP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498.全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management. Jun 2021 [internet publication].全文

Sharma M, Cornelius VR, Patel JP, et al. Efficacy and harms of direct oral anticoagulants in the elderly for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2015 Jul 21;132(3):194-204.全文  摘要

Lip GY, Haguenoer K, Saint-Etienne C, et al. Relationship of the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score to poor-quality anticoagulation, stroke, clinically relevant bleeding, and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2014 Sep;146(3):719-26. 摘要

Kuck KH, Brugada J, Furnkranz A, et al; FIRE AND ICE Investigators. Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 9;374(23):2235-45.全文  摘要

Luik A, Radzewtiz A, Kieser M, et al. Cryoballoon versus open irrigated radiofrequency ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority FreezeAF Study. Circulation. 2015 Oct 6;132(14):1311-9.全文  摘要

Del-Carpio Munoz F, Gharacholou SM, Munger TM, et al. Meta-analysis of renal function on the safety and efficacy of novel oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Jan 1;117(1):69-75. 摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Established atrial fibrillation images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Atrial flutter with variable atrioventricular (AV) conduction
    • Multifocal atrial tachycardia
    • Atrial tachycardia with variable AV conduction
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation
    • ACR appropriateness criteria: preprocedural planning for left atrial procedures in atrial fibrillation
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    Atrial fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation: what are the treatment options?

    更多 患者教育信息
  • 医学计算器

    Atrial Fibrillation CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Score for Stroke Risk

    ORBIT Bleeding Risk Score

    更多 医学计算器
  • Videos

    How to perform an ECG: animated demonstration

    更多 操作视频
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