Intra-abdominal abscess

Intra-abdominal collection of pus or infected material, usually due to a localised infection inside the peritoneal cavity. It can involve any intra-abdominal organ or be located in between bowel loops, or be free within the peritoneal cavity itself.

Commonly presents with abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis.

Usually secondary to inoculation, commonly from complicated intra-abdominal infection (i.e., bowel perforation, anastomotic leak, trauma).

Diagnosis can be confirmed by radiological studies such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is often more reliable, and provides better delineation of anatomical location and size of intra-abdominal abscess.

Treatment involves adequate source control (abscess drainage, whether percutaneous or surgical) as well as early appropriate and effective antimicrobial therapy.

If untreated, may lead to clinical deterioration including sepsis or septic shock.

Intra-abdominal abscess (IAA), also known as intraperitoneal abscess, is an intra-abdominal collection of pus or infected material and is usually due to a localised infection inside the peritoneal cavity. It can involve any intra-abdominal organ or can be located freely within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, including in between bowel loops. IAA is almost always secondary to a pre-existing disease process, or concomitant intra-abdominal process.[1]Otagiri N, Soeda J, Yoshino T, et al. Primary abscess of the omentum: report of a case. Surg Today. 2004;34(3):261-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999541?tool=bestpractice.com It can be caused by one or multiple bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infectious agents.