Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- known underlying medical cause
- use of known causative medications
- corneal filaments
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- ocular irritation/foreign body sensation
- ocular burning
- transient blurred vision
- tearing
- blepharitis/meibomianitis
- punctate epithelial erosions
- conjunctival punctate erosions
- conjunctival injection
- lagophthalmos
- proptosis
- presence of mites
Fatores de risco
- female sex
- older age
- blepharitis/meibomianitis
- connective tissue disorders
- vitamin A deficiency
- hepatitis C
- HIV
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- lens and eyelid surgery
- contact lens use
- diabetes mellitus
- systemic medications
- preserved topical ophthalmic medications
- sarcoidosis
- Parkinson disease
- environmental factors
- occupational factors
- headache
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- tear film meniscus height (meniscometry)
- tear film/fluorescein breakup time (TFBUT)
- Schirmer test
Novos exames
- tear film osmometry
- metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) detection
- corneal topography
- ocular surface interferometry
- infrared thermography
- in-vivo confocal microscopy
- ocular surface immune markers (OSIM)
Algoritmo de tratamento
dry eye at initial presentation
chronic dry eye
Colaboradores
Autores
Jonathan Smith, FRCOphth, MRCP
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Sunderland Eye Infirmary
Sunderland
UK
Declarações
JS declares that he has no competing interests.
Philip Severn, FRCOphth, MRCP
Consultant Ophthalmologist
James Cook University Hospital
Middlesbrough
UK
Declarações
PS declares that he has served on the advisory boards of and received travel grants from Bayer and Novartis. He has also received travel grants from Allergan.
Darren Shu Jeng Ting, FRCOphth, PhD
Honorary Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
School of Medicine
University of Nottingham
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre
UK
Declarações
DSJT declares that he has no competing interests.
Saurabh Ghosh, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Sunderland Eye Infirmary
Sunderland
UK
Declarações
SG declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
I-Hui Wu, MD
Ophthalmology Resident
Wilmer Eye Institute
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
IW declares that she has no competing interests.
Gus Gazzard, MA, MBBChir, MD, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
King's College Hospital
Honorary Research Fellow
Institute of Ophthalmology
London
UK
Declarações
GG declares that he has no competing interests.
Bob Avery, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Ophthalmology
University of New Mexico Medical School
Albuquerque
NM
Declarações
BA declares that he has no competing interests.
Vatinee Y. Bunya, MD
Co-Director
Penn Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Center
Assistant Professor
Cornea and External Disease
Scheie Eye Institute
Philadelphia
PA
Declarações
VYB declares that she has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
Hakim FE, Farooq AV. Dry eye disease: an update in 2022. JAMA. 2022 Feb 1;327(5):478-9. Resumo
Amescua G, Ahmad S, Cheung AY, et al. Dry eye syndrome preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2024 Apr;131(4):P1-49.Texto completo Resumo
Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, et al. TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):276-83.Texto completo Resumo
Shtein RM, Shen JF, Kuo AN, et al. Autologous serum-based eye drops for treatment of ocular surface disease: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;127(1):128-33.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Red eye
- Sjögren syndrome
- Meibomian gland dysfunction
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Dry eye syndrome preferred practice pattern
- Cornea/external disease summary benchmarks - 2024
Mais Diretrizes
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