Yellow fever

Notifiable condition that is endemic in South America, the Caribbean, and Africa. An ongoing outbreak in Brazil has raised the concern of local transmission in other countries, spread by infected returning travellers.

Infection may be asymptomatic or cause a biphasic, highly variable illness ranging from a non-specific mild febrile illness to a potentially fatal haemorrhagic fever.

Molecular or serological testing confirms diagnosis in the context of clinical presentation, epidemiological context, and vaccination history.

As no specific antiviral therapy is available, treatment is supportive. A safe and effective vaccine is available.

A viral haemorrhagic fever caused by a flavivirus transmitted by the Aedes or Haemagogus mosquito. It is endemic in South America, the Caribbean, and Africa, and has been resurging in the last 2 decades.[1]Barnett ED. Yellow fever: epidemiology and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:850-856. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/6/850.full http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304460?tool=bestpractice.com [2]Monath TP. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001;1:11-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11871403?tool=bestpractice.com The clinical disease is variable, ranging from a non-specific viral illness to haemorrhagic fever and death.

WHO: yellow fever

CDC: yellow fever