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Последний просмотренный: 21 Dec 2025
Last updated: 01 Oct 2025

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • dysphagia
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • posturing to aid swallowing
  • retrosternal pressure/pain
  • regurgitation
  • gradual weight loss
  • heartburn
  • slow eating
  • coughing/choking while recumbent
  • recurrent chest infections
  • sensation of a lump in the throat (globus)
  • hiccups
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • herpes and measles viruses
  • autoimmune disease
  • HLA class II antigens
  • consanguineous parents
  • triple A (Allgrove) syndrome
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
  • barium swallow
  • high-resolution esophageal manometry
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • chest x-ray
  • radionucleotide esophageal emptying studies
  • timed barium esophagogram
  • CT chest
  • impedance planimetry
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Начальные

patients awaiting definitive treatment

Острый

good surgical candidate

poor surgical candidate

Составители

Авторы

Jamal Omar Hayat, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, MD (Res)

Consultant Gastroenterologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer

Department of Gastroenterology

St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

JOH declares that he has no competing interests.

Kalliopi Alexandropoulou, MD, FRCP

Consultant Gastroenterologist

Royal Surrey County Hospital

Guildford

Surrey

UK

Declarações

KA declares that sshe has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Jamal Omar Hayat and Dr Kalliopi Alexandropoulou wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jin-Yong Kang, the previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

JYK declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Nigel Trudgill, MB ChB

Consultant Gastroenterologist

Sandwell General Hospital

West Bromwich

UK

Declarações

NT declares that he has no competing interests.

John de Caestecker, BChir

Consultant in General Medicine

Leicester General Hospital

Leicester

UK

Declarações

JdC declares that he has no competing interests.

David Hackam, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

Declarações

DH declares that he has no competing interests.

George Y. Wu, MD, PhD

Professor of Medicine

University of Connecticut Health Center

Farmington

CT

Declarações

GYW is on the medical advisory boards of the following: Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie, and Intercept.

Créditos aos pareceristas

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Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Zaninotto G, Bennett C, Boeckxstaens G, et al. The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines. Dis Esophagus. 2018 Sep 1;31(9).Texto completo  Resumo

Vaezi MF, Pandolfino JE, Yadlapati RH, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 Sep;115(9):1393-411.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Achalasia images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Esophageal carcinoma
    • Reflux esophagitis
    • Connective tissue disorders (e.g., systemic sclerosis)
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Adverse events associated with EGD and EGD-related techniques
    • Diagnosis and management of achalasia​
    Mais Diretrizes
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