Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- age >40 years
- chronic sun exposure
- smoking
- lines on face
- horizontal neck folds
- lines on dorsum of hands and wrists
- dynamic lines
- gravitational lines
- deep wrinkles
- fine wrinkles
Other diagnostic factors
- skin laxity
- dyschromia
- dermoelastosis
- erythema
- telangiectasia
- textural changes
- actinic keratoses
Risk factors
- genetic susceptibility
- age >40 years
- fair skin type
- hyperdynamic muscular activity
- chronic sun exposure
- smoking
- pollution
- low socioeconomic class
- low BMI
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors VIEW ALL
Professor in Plastic Surgery
Department of Plastic Surgery
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Greece
Disclosures
DD declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor in Plastic Surgery
Department of Plastic Surgery
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Greece
Disclosures
ED declares that she has no competing interests.
Associate Professor
First Department of Dermatology
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Greece
Disclosures
EL declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers VIEW ALL
Clinical Professor of Dermatology and Otolaryngology
St. Louis University
St. Louis
Director
Laser and Dermatologic Surgery Center
Chesterfield
MO
Disclosures
GH has been reimbursed by Allergan, Dermik, and Colbar Life Sciences to attend educational symposia and has also been paid to teach other physicians. GH is a consultant for Ulthera and has received equipment for research from Syneron. GH is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
Consultant Plastic Surgeon
Lister Hospital
Stevenage
UK
Disclosures
SP declares that he has no competing interests.
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