Summary
Differentials
Common
- Oral allergy syndrome
- Atopic dermatitis
- Food protein-induced proctocolitis
- Coeliac disease
- Lactose intolerance
Uncommon
- Food-induced anaphylaxis
- Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis
- Eosinophilic oesophagitis
- Food protein-induced enterocolitis
- Congenital sucrase isomaltase deficiency
- Monosodium glutamate (MSG) reactions
- Tyramine reactions
- Sulfite sensitivity
- Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) allergy (tick borne)
Contributors
Authors
J. Andrew Bird, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Allergy and Immunology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Disclosures
JAB has received grant funding from DBV Technologies, FARE, and Aimmune Therapeutics, and he has received advisory board fees from DBV Technologies, FARE, Pharm-Olam International Ltd, Aimmune Therapeutics, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Allergy Therapeutics Ltd, and AllerGenis. He has received speaking fees from Abbott, DBV Technologies, and Aimmune Therapeutics.
A. Wesley Burks, MD

Curnen Distinguished Professor and Chair
Department of Pediatrics
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
NC
Disclosures
AWB receives grant support to his institution from the National Institutes of Health, Food Allergy Research & Education, and Allergen Research Corporation; royalties from UpToDate; consulting honorariums from Aravax, Astella Pharma Global Development, DBV Technologies and N-Fold, LLC, as well as Aimmune Therapeutics, Consortia TX, Inc., Intrommune Therapeutics, and Prota Therapeutics for his service on their respective Scientific Advisory Boards. AWB has consulted for the following companies (which are all now expired): Biomerica, Inc., Evelo Biosciences/Epiva, Genentech, Insys Therapeutics, PPD Development, Sanofi US Services, Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America, LLC, LEK Consulting, LLC, Hycor Biomedical. AWB has received payments for speaking at the Gordon Research Conferences, the Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Meeting, and the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology. AWB is a minority stockholder of both Allertein and Mastcell Pharmaceuticals stock. These interests do not directly relate to the article but are being shared for full disclosure. AWB is an author of references cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr J. Andrew Bird and Dr A. Wesley Burks would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Alison Church, previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
AC declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Aaron Lerner, MD
Head of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit
Carmel Medical Center
Haifa
Israel
Disclosures
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD, PhD
Professor of Allergology
Head of Section of Allergology
Department of Internal Medicine
Erasmus Medical Center
Rotterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
RGvW declares that he has no competing interests.
Guidelines
- A consensus approach to the primary prevention of food allergy through nutrition: guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Feeding in the first year of life
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