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Gastritis

Last reviewed: 14 Oct 2024
Last updated: 12 Jan 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • dyspepsia/epigastric discomfort
  • no suspicious features of malignancy
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
  • severe emesis
  • acute abdominal pain
  • fever
  • altered reflexes or sensory deficits
  • cognitive impairment
  • glossitis
  • coexisting autoimmune disease
Full details

Risk factors

  • Helicobacter pylori infection
  • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use
  • alcohol use/toxic ingestions
  • previous gastric surgery
  • critically ill patients
  • autoimmune disease
  • immunocompromise
  • North European or Scandinavian ancestry
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • Helicobacter pylori urea breath test
  • H pylori fecal antigen test
  • CBC
Full details

Tests to consider

  • endoscopy
  • H pylori rapid urease test
  • gastric mucosal histology
  • serum vitamin B12
  • upper GI contrast series
  • blood/fluid cultures
  • parietal cell antibodies
  • intrinsic factor antibodies
Full details

Emerging tests

  • H pylori culture/polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

at risk of stress gastritis

ACUTE

Helicobacter pylori associated

erosive

autoimmune

bile reflux

phlegmonous gastritis

Contributors

Authors

Eli D. Ehrenpreis, MD, FACG, AGAF

Professor of Medicine

Rosalind Franklin University Medical School

North Chicago, Illinois

Adjunct Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology

University of Miami Miller Medical School

Miami, Florida

Associate Director for Research

Internal Medicine Residency

Advocate Lutheran General Hospital

Park Ridge, Illinois

Disclosures

EDE declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Eli D. Ehrenpreis would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nicole Marie Gentile, Dr Parakkal Deepak, and Dr Elad Eichenwald, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

NMG, PD, and EE declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Anthony Axon, MB, BS, MD, FRCP

Professor and Consultant Gastroenterologist

Department of Gastroenterology

Leeds General Infirmary

Leeds

UK

Disclosures

AA is the author of studies referenced in this topic.

Garth Swanson, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Section of Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

GS declares that he has no competing interests.

  • Differentials

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