Assessment of abdominal pain in children

Paediatric abdominal pain is a common problem that often poses a diagnostic dilemma. The vast majority of episodes are benign and self-limiting, but persistent abdominal pain may signify an underlying pathology requiring urgent intervention. Acute abdominal pain can also be caused by a wide range of conditions, some of which are emergencies (e.g., acute appendicitis). Timely assessment and intervention are critical in children presenting with abdominal pain.

A broad spectrum of aetiologies can cause abdominal pain, and diagnosis can be challenging. In most cases, a thorough history and physical examination can narrow the differential diagnoses. Additional investigations may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

Furthermore, even with the assistance of parents or guardians, a comprehensive history is often difficult to obtain, and diagnosis therefore relies heavily on the clinical acumen of the practitioner.