Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- childhood and adolescence
- worsening pain over weeks to months
- mass/swelling
- male sex
Other diagnostic factors
- race/ethnicity
- tall stature
- high birthweight
- limp
- history of trauma
- limited range of motion
Risk factors
- childhood and adolescence
- Paget disease
- radiation therapy
- Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
- familial retinoblastoma syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- race/ethnicity
- nonfamilial deleterious germline variants
- male sex
- tall stature
- high birthweight
- chemotherapy exposure
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- conventional radiographs
- bone biopsy
- MRI
- CT
- CT thorax
- bone scan
- whole body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT
- CBC
- serum alkaline phosphatase
- serum lactate dehydrogenase
Treatment algorithm
low-grade disease at presentation
high-grade nonmetastatic disease at presentation
metastatic disease at presentation
relapsed/refractory disease
Contributors
Authors
David Loeb, MD, PhD
Chief
Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Marrow & Blood Cell Transplantation
Children's Hospital at Montefiore
Associate Professor, Pediatrics
Associate Professor, Developmental and Molecular Biology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx
NY
Divulgaciones
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr David Loeb would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Luminita Rezeanu and Dr Michael J. Klein, the previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
LR and MJK declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Edward Sauter, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery
Ellis Fischel Cancer Center
University of Missouri
Columbia
MO
Divulgaciones
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
Rachael Windsor, BSc, MBBS, MSc, MRCPCH
Locum Consultant Paediatric Oncologist
University College Hospital
London
UK
Divulgaciones
RW declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
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Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Soft tissue and bone tumours: WHO classification of tumours. 5th ed. vol 3. Lyon, France: IARD Press; 2020
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bone cancer [internet publication].Texto completo
Strauss SJ, Frezza AM, Abecassis N, et al. Bone sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS-ERN PaedCan Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Dec;32(12):1520-36.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
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Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bone cancer
- ACR appropriateness criteria: suspected primary bone tumors
Más Guías de práctica clínica
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