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Cryptorchidism

Última revisão: 12 Jan 2026
Última atualização: 28 Nov 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • malpositioned or absent testis
  • palpable cryptorchid testis
  • nonpalpable testis
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • testicular asymmetry
  • scrotal hypoplasia or asymmetry
  • retractile testis
  • ascending cryptorchidism
  • hypospadias
  • micropenis
  • secondary sex characteristics/pubertal signs in prepubertal/pubertal patients
  • surgical scar in the inguinal region
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • family history of cryptorchidism
  • prematurity
  • low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and/or small for gestational age
  • environmental exposures
  • maternal alcohol use
  • gestational diabetes
  • prior inguinal surgery
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • clinical diagnosis
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ultrasound
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • hormonal evaluation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation test
  • hormonal evaluation with Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), inhibin B, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • karyotyping
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

retractile testicle(s)

undescended testicle(s): prepubertal, no hypospadias

undescended testicle(s): prepubertal, with hypospadias

undescended testicle: postpubertal

Colaboradores

Autores

David J. Chalmers, MD
David J. Chalmers

Pediatric Urology

Maine Medical Center

Portland

ME

Declarações

DJC declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr David J. Chalmers would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gabriel Belanger, Dr Duncan T. Wilcox, and Dr Nicol Corbin Bush, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

DTW and NCB declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Martin Koyle, MD

Professor Pediatric Urology

Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto

Canada

Declarações

MK declares that he has no competing interests.

Paul J. Turek, MD

Professor of Urology

Endowed Chair

Urologic Education

The University of California

San Francisco

CA

Declarações

PJT declares that he has no competing interests.

Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)

Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon

Department of Urology

Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge

UK

Declarações

VG declares that he has no competing interests.

Jørgen Thorup, MD, PhD

Professor and Head

Department of Pediatric Surgery

Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen

Copenhagen

Denmark

Declarações

JT is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Créditos aos pareceristas

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Referências

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Principais artigos

Virtanen HE, Bjerknes R, Cortes D, et al. Cryptorchidism: classification, prevalence and long-term consequences. Acta Paediatr. 2007 May;96(5):611-6.Texto completo  Resumo

Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):64-70. Resumo

Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):337-45.Texto completo  Resumo

European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Romao RLP. Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jul;11(7):E251-60.Texto completo  Resumo

Kollin C, Stukenborg JB, Nurmio M, et al. Boys with undescended testes: endocrine, volumetric and morphometric studies on testicular function before and after orchidopexy at nine months or three years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;97(12):4588-95. Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Cryptorchidism images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Differences of sex development (DSD)
    • Female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Guidelines on paediatric urology
    • Diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism
    Mais Diretrizes
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