Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- malpositioned or absent testis
- palpable cryptorchid testis
- nonpalpable testis
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- testicular asymmetry
- scrotal hypoplasia or asymmetry
- retractile testis
- ascending cryptorchidism
- hypospadias
- micropenis
- secondary sex characteristics/pubertal signs in prepubertal/pubertal patients
- surgical scar in the inguinal region
Fatores de risco
- family history of cryptorchidism
- prematurity
- low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and/or small for gestational age
- environmental exposures
- maternal alcohol use
- gestational diabetes
- prior inguinal surgery
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- clinical diagnosis
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ultrasound
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- hormonal evaluation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation test
- hormonal evaluation with Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), inhibin B, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- karyotyping
Algoritmo de tratamento
retractile testicle(s)
undescended testicle(s): prepubertal, no hypospadias
undescended testicle(s): prepubertal, with hypospadias
undescended testicle: postpubertal
Colaboradores
Autores
David J. Chalmers, MD

Pediatric Urology
Maine Medical Center
Portland
ME
Declarações
DJC declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr David J. Chalmers would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gabriel Belanger, Dr Duncan T. Wilcox, and Dr Nicol Corbin Bush, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
DTW and NCB declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Martin Koyle, MD
Professor Pediatric Urology
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto
Canada
Declarações
MK declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul J. Turek, MD
Professor of Urology
Endowed Chair
Urologic Education
The University of California
San Francisco
CA
Declarações
PJT declares that he has no competing interests.
Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)
Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon
Department of Urology
Addenbrooke's Hospital
Cambridge
UK
Declarações
VG declares that he has no competing interests.
Jørgen Thorup, MD, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark
Declarações
JT is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Créditos aos pareceristas
Os tópicos do BMJ Best Practice são constantemente atualizados, seguindo os desenvolvimentos das evidências e das diretrizes. Os pareceristas aqui listados revisaram o conteúdo pelo menos uma vez durante a história do tópico.
Declarações
As afiliações e declarações dos pareceristas referem--se ao momento da revisão.
Referências
Principais artigos
Virtanen HE, Bjerknes R, Cortes D, et al. Cryptorchidism: classification, prevalence and long-term consequences. Acta Paediatr. 2007 May;96(5):611-6.Texto completo Resumo
Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):64-70. Resumo
Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):337-45.Texto completo Resumo
European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo
Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Romao RLP. Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jul;11(7):E251-60.Texto completo Resumo
Kollin C, Stukenborg JB, Nurmio M, et al. Boys with undescended testes: endocrine, volumetric and morphometric studies on testicular function before and after orchidopexy at nine months or three years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;97(12):4588-95. Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Differences of sex development (DSD)
- Female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Guidelines on paediatric urology
- Diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism
Mais DiretrizesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal