When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Chronic pain syndromes

最后审阅: 13 Feb 2025
最后更新: 10 Jan 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • duration of pain more than 3 months
  • physical comorbidity
  • psychological comorbidity
  • previous history of acute pain episodes
  • pain causing difficulty in performing routine activities of daily living
  • precipitating factors for myofascial pain
  • precipitating factors for musculoskeletal pain
  • herpes zoster infection
  • history of trauma or limb immobilization
  • medication use
  • muscle spasm
  • associated somatic symptoms
  • muscle tenderness to palpation
  • trigger-point tenderness
  • taut bands
  • twitch response
  • joint swelling and tenderness
  • tender points
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • precipitating factors for chronic headache
  • duration of headache pain
  • radiating pain
  • morning stiffness in joints
  • pain with prolonged walking, relieved with stooping or sitting
  • joint pain
  • burning quality of pain
  • allodynia
  • hyperalgesia
  • chronic headache associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and noise
  • intermittent pattern of chronic headache pain
  • bilateral chronic headache pain
  • unilateral chronic headache pain
  • limited range of motion (ROM)
  • painful or limited straight leg raising
  • symmetrical body pain distribution
  • worsening headache symptoms despite treatment
  • headache with posterior head or neck pain
  • excessive guarding of the painful extremity
  • diminution or loss of reflexes
  • tenderness over temporal artery distribution
完整详情

危险因素

  • age over 45 years
  • female sex
  • pregnancy
  • history of trauma or chronic pain
  • family history of chronic pain syndromes
  • acute back pain with neurologic signs
  • high-risk occupation
  • comorbid personality disorder/psychological distress
  • pain-related disability
  • cigarette smoking
完整详情

诊断性检查

需考虑的检查

  • plain x-rays of spine, bones, and/or joints
  • MRI of spine
  • electromyogram and nerve conduction studies
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

myofascial pain

musculoskeletal pain

neuropathic pain

fibromyalgia

chronic headache

撰稿人

作者

Gaurav Chhabra, MBBS, FRCA, FFPMRCA

Consultant, Pain Medicine and Anaesthesia

North Bristol NHS Trust

Bristol

UK

利益声明

GC declares that they have no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Gaurav Chhabra would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sarah Love-Jones and Dr Dawn A. Marcus, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

SLJ has received consultancy fees for Boston Scientific and Nevro Corporation (regarding spinal cord stimulation) and is an elected council member of the British Pain Society. DAM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

J. David Sinclair, MD

Clinical Instructor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle

WA

利益声明

JDS declares that he has no competing interests.

Joan Hester, MBBS, FRCA, LRCP, MRCS

Consultant in Pain Management

Pain Unit

King's College Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

JH has chaired advisory boards for Napp Pharmaceuticals Ltd., chaired a symposium, is a principal investigator and has participated in advisory boards for Grunenthal Ltd., and has given lectures for Pfizer Ltd. JH attended the American Pain Society meeting in 2009 sponsored by Grunenthal.

Beverly J. Collett, MB BS, FRCA, FFPMRCA

Consultant in Pain Medicine

Pain Management Service

University Hospitals of Leicester

Leicester

UK

利益声明

Not disclosed.

  • 鉴别诊断

    • Hypothyroidism
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
    • Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Integrative medicine for pain management in oncology
    • CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for pain: United States, 2022
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    Back pain (lower back)

    Breast pain

    更多 患者教育信息
  • padlock-locked登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容

内容使用需遵循免责声明