Specific phobias

Specific phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions.

Marked by fear or anxiety in the presence of a specific object or situation.

Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, especially exposure therapy, is considered first-line treatment for patients with frequent symptoms.

Exposure therapy can be conducted in a single 3-hour session or across multiple treatment sessions, and it can employ in-vivo, imaginal, or virtual-reality-based exposure.

Therapy can also be delivered through self-help, internet-assisted, and/or therapist-assisted modalities.

Patient motivation and available resources are important to consider when reviewing treatment options.

Specific phobias involve intense fears of specific objects or situations that are triggered upon actual or anticipated exposure to phobic stimuli. Situations in which phobic cues are present are usually avoided or endured with intense anxiety. Excessive fears can cause functional impairments or lifestyle disruptions.