Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- anticipatory anxiety
- behavioral avoidance
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- onset during childhood
- onset during early adulthood
- nausea
- dizziness
- disgust
- fainting
- tachycardia
- hyperventilation
- exaggerated startle
- sleep disruption
Factores de riesgo
- somatization disorder
- anxiety disorders
- mood disorders
- first-degree relative with phobia
- twin with phobia
- aversive experiences
- stress and negative life events
- female sex
- white ethnicity
- parental anxiety and overprotectiveness
- negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition
- cognitive/attentional bias
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- self-report
- behavioral observation and approach tests
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- structured/semi-structured clinical interview
Algoritmo de tratamiento
adults with subclinical symptoms and infrequent interference with usual activities
adults with frequent symptoms interfering with usual activities
children with ongoing symptoms interfering with usual activities
Colaboradores
Autores
Amy Huberman, MD
Instructor of Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Divulgaciones
AH declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Amy Huberman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eve Friedl, Dr E. Blake Zakarin, Dr Craig N. Sawchuk, and Dr Bunmi O. Olatunji, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
EKF and EBZ declare that they have no competing interests. CNS is an author of a reference cited in this topic. BOO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Revisores
Jeffrey M. Lohr, PhD
Professor
Clinical Training Program
Department of Psychology
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville
AR
Declarações
JML declares that he has no competing interests.
David F. Tolin, PhD
Associate Professor
Institute of Living
Yale University
New Haven
CT
Declarações
DFT declares that he has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59. Resumo
Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Horowitz JD, Powers MB, et al. Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Jul;28(6):1021-37. Resumo
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada; McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Texto completo Resumo
McMurtry CM, Taddio A, Noel M, et al. Exposure-based interventions for the management of individuals with high levels of needle fear across the lifespan: a clinical practice guideline and call for further research. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016 Apr;45(3):217-35.Texto completo Resumo
Grös DF, Antony MM. The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Aug;8(4):298-303. Resumo
Antony MM, Barlow DH. Specific phobias. In: Barlow DH, ed. Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2002:380-417.
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Agoraphobia
- Panic disorder
- Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Anxiety disorders in adults: screening
- Anxiety in children and adolescents: screening
Mais DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
Phobias
Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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