Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- anticipatory anxiety
- behavioral avoidance
Other diagnostic factors
- onset during childhood
- onset during early adulthood
- nausea
- dizziness
- disgust
- fainting
- tachycardia
- hyperventilation
- exaggerated startle
- sleep disruption
Risk factors
- somatization disorder
- anxiety disorders
- mood disorders
- first-degree relative with phobia
- twin with phobia
- aversive experiences
- stress and negative life events
- female sex
- white ethnicity
- parental anxiety and overprotectiveness
- negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition
- cognitive/attentional bias
Диагностические исследования
Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь
- self-report
- behavioral observation and approach tests
Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть
- structured/semi-structured clinical interview
Алгоритм лечения
adults with subclinical symptoms and infrequent interference with usual activities
adults with frequent symptoms interfering with usual activities
children with ongoing symptoms interfering with usual activities
Составители
Авторы
Amy Huberman, MD
Volunteer Faculty
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Раскрытие информации
AH declares that she has no competing interests.
Выражение благодарностей
Dr Amy Huberman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eve Friedl, Dr E. Blake Zakarin, Dr Craig N. Sawchuk, and Dr Bunmi O. Olatunji, previous contributors to this topic.
Раскрытие информации
EKF and EBZ declare that they have no competing interests. CNS is an author of a reference cited in this topic. BOO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Рецензенты
Franklin Schneier, MD
Director
Anxiety Disorders Clinic
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York City
NY
Раскрытие информации
FS has received research support from Compass Pathways, Otsuka, Vistagen, and NIMH, royalties from UptoDate, Cambridge University Press, and Guilford Press, and served as consultant to Receptor Life and PureTech.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Список литературы
Основные статьи
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59. Аннотация
Grös DF, Antony MM. The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Aug;8(4):298-303. Аннотация
Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Horowitz JD, Powers MB, et al. Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Jul;28(6):1021-37. Аннотация
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada; McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Полный текст Аннотация
Статьи, указанные как источники
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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