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Sudden infant death syndrome

Última revisión: 16 Jul 2025
Última actualización: 19 May 2023

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • prone, side, or inclined position at last sleep
  • bed-sharing
  • soft sleeping environment
  • maternal cigarette smoking
  • premature birth
  • formula feeding
  • non-use of pacifier
  • maternal alcohol or drug use
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • absence of metabolic disease
  • absence of irritability, lethargy
  • absence of fever, cough, or nasal congestion
  • absence of trauma
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • side, prone, or inclined position at last sleep
  • bed-sharing/co-sleeping
  • soft sleeping surface/environment
  • maternal cigarette smoking
  • increasing number of smokers in house
  • smoking in same room as child
  • formula feeding
  • non-use of a pacifier
  • premature birth
  • maternal substance use/abuse
  • single parent
  • lower maternal age
  • low level of prenatal care
  • low level of maternal education
  • low socioeconomic status
  • lack of immunization
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • blood culture
  • cerebrospinal fluid culture
  • urine culture
  • serum chemistry
  • urine chemistry
  • photographic record
  • skeletal survey
  • anatomic pathology
  • vitreous chemistry
  • muscle biopsy
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

caregivers and family

Colaboradores

Autores

Rachel Y. Moon, MD, FAAP

Professor of Pediatrics

University of Virginia School of Medicine

Charlottesville

VA

Divulgaciones

RYM receives research grants from the National Institutes of Health and the American SIDS Institute on SIDS-related topics. RM is an unpaid board member of the International Society for the Prevention of Infant Death. RM lectures at various hospitals, public health departments, and universities about SIDS-related topics (usual honorarium $1000). RM has two published books about SIDS and receives royalties (<$200/year).

Agradecimientos

Dr Rachel Y. Moon would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John W. Berkenbosch, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JWB declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Peter Fleming, MB ChB, PhD

Professor of Infant Health & Developmental Physiology

FSID Research Unit

Institute of Child Life and Health

St Michaels Hospital

Bristol

UK

Divulgaciones

PF is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Thomas Hegyi, MD

Professor and Vice-Chair

Department of Pediatrics

UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

New Brunswick

NJ

Divulgaciones

TH declares that he has no competing interests.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057990.Texto completo  Resumen

Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Evidence base for 2022 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e202205799.Texto completo  Resumen

The Lullaby Trust. Evidence base. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-54.Texto completo  Resumen

UNICEF UK. The Baby Friendly Initiative.​Texto completo

Palusci VJ, Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, Kay AJ, et al. Identifying child abuse fatalities during infancy. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3):e20192076.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diferenciales

    • Accidental suffocation or asphyxia
    • Nonaccidental trauma or abusive injury, including Munchausen syndrome by proxy
    • Respiratory syncytial virus
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment
    • Evidence base for 2022 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Sudden infant death syndrome: how can I reduce the risk?

    Más Folletos para el paciente
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