Summary
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- early general movement abnormalities
- abnormal HINE scores
- delay in motor development
- delay in speech development
- delay in cognitive/intellectual development
- retention of primitive reflexes
- lack of age-appropriate reflexes
- spasticity/clonus
- selective voluntary motor control impairment
- toe walking/knee hyperextension
- scissoring
- crouched gait
- contractures
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- muscle weakness
- joint instability/dislocation
- dystonia
- chorea
- athetosis
- ataxia
- neonatal hypotonia
- scoliosis
Fatores de risco
- prematurity
- low birth weight
- fetal birth asphyxia
- multiple births
- maternal illness
- fetal brain malformation
- major birth defects
- familial metabolic/genetic disorder
- neonatal complications
- meningitis
- maternal teratogen exposure
- low socioeconomic status
- nonvertex presentation
- postmaturity
- head injury
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- MRI brain
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ultrasound/CT brain
- coagulation studies
- genetic testing
- metabolic screen
- x-ray of affected joint
- instrumented gait analysis
Algoritmo de tratamento
spastic hemiplegia
spastic diplegia
spastic quadriplegia
dyskinetic
ataxic
Colaboradores
Autores
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy, null
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
See individual author disclosures.
William L. Oppenheim, MD
Distinguished Professor Emeritus Pediatric Orthopedics
Margaret Jones Kanaar Chair, Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
WLO is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Loretta Staudt, MS, PT
Research Physical Therapist
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
LS is a clinical evaluator for several sponsored clinical trials as part of her salaried employment at UCLA. She has received travel, meals, and accommodation to attend training meetings for some of these trials but does not receive any direct reimbursements or personal benefits from the companies, which include Pfizer, Sarepta, Audentes Therapeutics, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Biogen, Santhera, Fibrogen, Cytokinetics, Italfarmaco, and AveXis. As part of her salaried employment at UCLA, LS is working on a project funded by the Cerebral Palsy Foundation. She is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Rachel Thompson, MD
Assistant Professor-in-Residence, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Associate Residency Program Director, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Director, UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
William and Patricia Oppenheim Presidential Chair in Pediatric Orthopaedics
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
RT declares that she has no competing interests.
Marcia Greenberg, MS, PT
Physical Therapist
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
MG is a consultant for the NGO, UCP Wheels for Humanity, teaching physical therapists in developing countries. She is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Eileen Fowler, PhD, PT
Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Director of Research and Education
UCLA/Orthopaedic Institute for Children Center for Cerebral Palsy
Peter William Shapiro Chair
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
EF receives grant funding from the Cerebral Palsy Foundation. She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Cerebral Palsy Foundation. She is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
Dr William L. Oppenheim, Loretta Staudt, Dr Rachel Thompson, Marcia Greenberg, and Dr Eileen Fowler wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Albert Stroberg, Dr Erika Hassan, Dr Rebecca Hanson, Dr Joan Earle Hahn, Dr Tien T. Nguyen, and Dr Sarah Copeland, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
AS, EH, RH, JEH, TTN, and SC declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Hank Chambers, MD
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of California at San Diego
Medical Affairs Officer
Rady Children's Hospital
San Diego
CA
Declarações
HC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. HC has received research support from the National Institutes of Health greater than 6 figures USD.
Michael Sussman, MD
Orthopaedic Surgeon
Shriners Hospital for Children
Portland
OR
Declarações
MS declares that he has no competing interests.
Charles Fairhurst, MBBS MSc
Consultant in Paediatric Neurodisability
Evelina Children's Hospital
Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
Declarações
CF declares that he has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Feb;109:8-14. Resumo
Noritz G, Davidson L, Steingass K, et al. Providing a primary care medical home for children and youth with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2022 Nov 21;e2022060055.Texto completo Resumo
Shepherd E, Salam RA, Middleton P, et al. Antenatal and intrapartum interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 8;(8):CD012077.Texto completo Resumo
Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, et al. State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: systematic review of interventions for preventing and treating children with cerebral palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;20(2):3.Texto completo Resumo
Shepherd E, Salam RA, Middleton P, et al. Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 20;(6):CD012409.Texto completo Resumo
Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, et al. Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Sep 1;171(9):897-907. Resumo
Delgado MR, Hirtz D, Aisen M, et al; Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review). Neurology. 2010 Jan 26;74(4):336-43.Texto completo Resumo
Fehlings D, Brown L, Harvey A, et al. Pharmacological and neurosurgical interventions for managing dystonia in cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018 Apr;60(4):356-66.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
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Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Providing a primary care medical home for children and youth with cerebral palsy
- Indications for gastrocsoleus lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: a Delphi consensus study
Mais DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
Cerebral palsy: what is it?
Cerebral palsy: what treatments work?
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