Last reviewed: 24 Feb 2023
Last updated: 26 Apr 2022
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- postprandial fullness
- nausea
- vomiting
- early satiety
More key diagnostic factors
Other diagnostic factors
- epigastric pain
- fullness
- bloating
- weight loss
- succussion splash
Other diagnostic factors
Risk factors
- diabetes mellitus
- previous gastric and pancreatic surgery
- female sex
- achalasia
- coeliac disease
- anorexia
- Parkinson's disease
- multiple sclerosis
- scleroderma
- amyloidosis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- hypothyroidism
- chronic renal insufficiency
- acute viral infection
- paraneoplastic syndrome (tumour-associated)
- use of specific drugs
- use of alcohol
More risk factors
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- FBC
- serum glucose
- serum creatinine
- serum potassium
- serum total protein
- serum albumin
- serum amylase and lipase
- pregnancy test
- abdominal x-ray
More 1st investigations to order
Investigations to consider
- endoscopy
- contrast radiography
- gastric emptying scintigraphy
- non-digestible capsule test
- gastric emptying breath test (GEBT)
More investigations to consider
Treatment algorithm
ACUTE
acute symptoms
ONGOING
refractory to medical therapy
Contributors
Authors
Savio C. Reddymasu, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Phoenix Regional Campus
St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
Phoenix
AZ
Disclosures
SCR is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Mojtaba M. Olyaee, MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City
KS
Disclosures
MMO declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
John Kepros, MD
Director
Trauma Services
Assistant Professor
Michigan State University
Lansing
MI
Disclosures
JK declares that he has no competing interests.
Eamonn M.M. Quigley, MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI
Department of Medicine
Clinical Sciences Building
Cork University Hospital
Cork
Ireland
Disclosures
EMMQ declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Acute pancreatitis
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome
- Functional dyspepsia
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of medical care in diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes in adults: management
More Guidelines
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