Summary
Differentials
Common
- Gastritis
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Food poisoning
- Chronic post-viral nausea and vomiting
- Migraine
- Motion sickness
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Stroke (embolic/ischaemic/haemorrhagic)
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Gastric outlet obstruction
- Small bowel obstruction
- Colonic obstruction
- Choledocholithiasis
- Cholecystitis
- Post-gastrointestinal surgery
- Severe constipation
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome
- Gastric dysrhythmias
- Gastroparesis
- Bacterial peritonitis
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Pregnancy
- Drug-induced
- Nephrolithiasis
- Uraemia
- Idiopathic functional dyspepsia or post-prandial distress syndrome
Uncommon
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Meniere's disease
- Acoustic neuroma
- Traumatic brain injury
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Complex partial seizures
- Central nervous system tumours
- Primary adrenal insufficiency (acute or chronic)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Heat stroke
- Acute pancreatitis
- Bariatric surgery sequelae
- Primary pseudo-obstruction
- Secondary pseudo-obstruction
- Abdominal abscess
- Carcinomatous peritonitis
- Stomach cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Renal cancer
- Small cell lung cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Chronic mesenteric ischaemia
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis
- Chronic nausea and vomiting after antibiotics or anaesthetics
Contributors
Authors
Kenneth L. Koch, MD

Professor
Section Head Gastroenterology
Wake Forest University
Health Sciences Center
Winston-Salem
NC
Disclosures
KLK is a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline and a shareholder in 3 CPM Company. He is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
James Neuberger, BM, BCh
Consultant Physician
Liver Unit
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Birmingham
UK
Disclosures
JN declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel Leffler, MD, MS
Instructor in Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Director of Clinical Research
The Celiac Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston
MA
Disclosures
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
Ned Snyder, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Chief of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston
TX
Disclosures
NS declares that he has no competing interests.
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