小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- centrofacial, malar, or mandibular distribution of muddy brown to gray hyperpigmentation
危险因素
- female sex
- Fitzpatrick III-VI skin types
- ultraviolet radiation
- oral contraceptive pill
- pregnancy
- family history of melasma
- photosensitizing drugs
诊断性检查
首要检查
- Wood lamp examination
需考虑的检查
- skin biopsy
新兴检查
- reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)
治疗流程
pregnant
nonpregnant
撰稿人
作者
Nazanin Saedi, MD
Director
Laser Surgery and Cosmetic Dermatology
Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
Philadelphia
PA
Раскрытие информации
NZ has been on the advisory board of Cynosure, Cartessa, Allergan, and Alastin; used equipment from Cynosure and Cartessa; and been a consultant to Allergan and Alastin.
Выражение благодарностей
Dr Nazanin Saedi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Laura Korb Ferris and Dr Maria Liliana Marino, previous contributors to this topic.
Раскрытие информации
MLM and LKF declare that they have no competing interests.
Рецензенты
Chad M. Hivnor, Major, USAF, MC, FS
Chief
Outpatient & Pediatric Dermatology
59th Medical Wing/ SGOMD
Lackland Air Force Base
San Antonio
TX
Раскрытие информации
CMH declares that he has no competing interests.
Jashin Wu, MD
Chief Dermatology Resident
University of California
Irvine
CA
Раскрытие информации
JW declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Список литературы
Основные статьи
Ball Arefiev KL, Hantash BM. Advances in the treatment of melasma: a review of the recent literature. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Jul;38(7 Pt 1):971-84. Аннотация
Rajaratnam R, Halpern J, Salim A, et al. Interventions for melasma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD003583. Аннотация
Kang HY, Ortonne JP. What should be considered in treatment of melasma. Ann Dermatol. 2010 Nov;22(4):373-8.Полный текст Аннотация
Austin E, Nguyen JK, Jagdeo J. Topical treatments for melasma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019 Nov 1;18(11):S1545961619P1156X.Полный текст Аннотация
Статьи, указанные как источники
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Отличия
- Exogenous ochronosis
- Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
- Phototoxic reaction
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