When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Granuloma annulare

最后审阅: 23 Sep 2025
最后更新: 26 Nov 2020

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • asymptomatic grouped annular pink or flesh-colored dermal papules
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • flesh-colored, pink, or brown macules or small papules
  • soft-tissue nodules
  • perforating papules, crusting or ulcerated lesions
  • erythematous patches
完整详情

危险因素

  • diabetes mellitus
  • hematologic malignancy
  • herpes zoster
  • HIV
  • hepatitis
  • hyperlipidemia
  • thyroid disease
  • medications
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • clinical diagnosis
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • skin biopsy
  • fasting blood sugar
  • thyroid function tests
  • lipid screening
  • hepatitis screen
  • HIV testing
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

localized variant (classic annular rash)

generalized variant (widespread macular rash)

perforating variant (crusted or ulcerated lesion)

subcutaneous variant (soft nodule)

patch variant (erythematous plaques)

撰稿人

作者

Misha Rosenbach, MD

Associate Professor

Dermatology and Internal Medicine

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia

PA

利益声明

MR has received consulting fees from Merck, aTyr Pharma, and Processa Pharma, not related to granuloma annulare. He has received grant support from Processa Pharma, not related to granuloma annulare. MR has received salary support from the AMA/JAMA for his role at JAMA Dermatology as Deputy Editor. MR is an author of references cited in this topic.

鸣谢

Dr Misha Rosenbach would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Susmita Mukherjee, a previous contributor to this topic. SM declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Aisha Sethi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Associate Residency Program Director

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

利益声明

AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Robert Herd, MSc, MD, FRCP

Consultant Dermatologist

Department of Dermatology

Nuffield Hospital

Glasgow

UK

利益声明

RH declares that he has no competing interests.

Brenda L. Pellicane, MD

Dermatologist

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Department of Dermatology

Detroit

MI

利益声明

BLP declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Piette EW, Rosenbach M. Granuloma annulare: clinical and histologic variants, epidemiology, and genetics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Sep;75(3):457-65. 摘要

Thornsberry LA, English JC 3rd. Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013 Aug;14(4):279-90. 摘要

Piette EW, Rosenbach M. Granuloma annulare: pathogenesis, disease associations and triggers, and therapeutic options. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Sep;75(3):467-79. 摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

内容使用需遵循免责声明