小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- homogeneous white plaques
- other causes for white lesions excluded
- nonhomogeneous appearance
其他诊断因素
- male sex
- age >40 years
危险因素
- tobacco use
- alcohol use
- areca nut (betel quid) use
- chronic candidiasis
- genetic predisposition
- immunosuppression
- Fanconi anemia
- sunlight exposure
- HPV infection
- Treponema pallidum infection (syphilis)
诊断性检查
首要检查
- incisional biopsy
需考虑的检查
- brush biopsy
- autoantibodies for antinuclear antibody (ANA), double-stranded DNA, and Smith antigen
- Treponema pallidum serology
新兴检查
- chemiluminescent spectroscopy
- molecular and chromosomal markers
- photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD)
- vital staining with toluidine blue
治疗流程
all patients
撰稿人
作者
Saman Warnakulasuriya, DSc, BDS, PhD
Emeritus Professor
Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals
Department of Oral Medicine
King's College London
London
UK
利益声明
SW is an author of several references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Professor Saman Warnakulasuriya would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr James Sciubba and the late Professor Crispian Scully for their contributions to this topic.
利益声明
JS is an author of some references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Finn Praetorius, DDS
Oral Pathologist
Department of Oral Pathology
School of Dentistry
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark
利益声明
FP declares that he has no competing interests.
Isaac Van der Waal, DDS, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology
Vrije Universiteit Medical Center
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
利益声明
IVdW declares that he has no competing interests.
Michaell Huber, DDS
Associate Professor
Head
Division of Oral Medicine
Department of Dental Diagnostic Science
Dental School
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio
TX
利益声明
MH declares that he has no competing interests.
参考文献
关键文献
Lingen MW, Abt E, Agrawal N, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Oct;148(10):712-27;e10.全文 摘要
Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 29;(7):CD001829.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- Chronic candidiasis
- Submucous fibrosis
更多 鉴别诊断患者教育信息
Quitting smoking
更多 患者教育信息登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
内容使用需遵循免责声明