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Oral leukoplakia

最后审阅: 4 May 2025
最后更新: 25 Jan 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • homogeneous white plaques
  • other causes for white lesions excluded
  • nonhomogeneous appearance
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • male sex
  • age >40 years
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危险因素

  • tobacco use
  • alcohol use
  • areca nut (betel quid) use
  • chronic candidiasis
  • genetic predisposition
  • immunosuppression
  • Fanconi anemia
  • sunlight exposure
  • HPV infection
  • Treponema pallidum infection (syphilis)
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • incisional biopsy
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需考虑的检查

  • brush biopsy
  • autoantibodies for antinuclear antibody (ANA), double-stranded DNA, and Smith antigen
  • Treponema pallidum serology
完整详情

新兴检查

  • chemiluminescent spectroscopy
  • molecular and chromosomal markers
  • photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD)
  • vital staining with toluidine blue

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

作者

Saman Warnakulasuriya, DSc, BDS, PhD

Emeritus Professor

Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals

Department of Oral Medicine

King's College London

London

UK

利益声明

SW is an author of several references cited in this topic.

鸣谢

Professor Saman Warnakulasuriya would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr James Sciubba and the late Professor Crispian Scully for their contributions to this topic.

利益声明

JS is an author of some references cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Finn Praetorius, DDS

Oral Pathologist

Department of Oral Pathology

School of Dentistry

University of Copenhagen

Copenhagen

Denmark

利益声明

FP declares that he has no competing interests.

Isaac Van der Waal, DDS, PhD

Professor and Head

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology

Vrije Universiteit Medical Center

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

利益声明

IVdW declares that he has no competing interests.

Michaell Huber, DDS

Associate Professor

Head

Division of Oral Medicine

Department of Dental Diagnostic Science

Dental School

University of Texas Health Science Center

San Antonio

TX

利益声明

MH declares that he has no competing interests.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Lingen MW, Abt E, Agrawal N, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Oct;148(10):712-27;e10.全文  摘要

Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 29;(7):CD001829.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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