Резюме
Определение
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- underlying lung disease
- chronic productive cough
- dyspnea
- weight loss
- fatigue
- fever
- lymphadenopathy
- immunocompromised
- hot tub use
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- age under 5 years
- middle-to-old age
- night sweats
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- rhonchi/crackles
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
- thin body habitus
- pectus excavatum
- scoliosis
- systolic click and murmur
Fatores de risco
- underlying lung diseases
- smoking
- excessive alcohol use
- increasing age
- hot tub use
- HIV/AIDS
- severe immunosuppression
- genetic cytokine defects
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- CBC with differential
- LFT
- chest x-ray
- sputum culture
- blood culture
Investigações a serem consideradas
- high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning
- bone marrow aspirate for culture
- bronchoscopy/bronchial lavage
- lung biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
Novos exames
- polymerase chain reaction
Algoritmo de tratamento
pulmonary MAC
disseminated MAC
MAC lymphadenitis
MAC hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Colaboradores
Autores
Zelalem Temesgen, MD, FIDSA
Professor of Medicine
Director, Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
Director, HIV Program
Consultant, Division of Infectious Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Declarações
ZT declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Temesgen would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Dereje S. Ayo, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
DSA declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Jonathan P. Parsons, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Ohio State University Medical Center
Columbus
OH
Declarações
JPP declares that he has no competing interests.
Sandro Vento, MD
Director
Infectious Diseases Unit
Annunziata Hospital
Cosenza
Italy
Disclosures
SV declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease. 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb 15;175(4):367-416.Full text Abstract
Daley CL, Iaccarino JM, Lange C, et al. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 14;71(4):e1-36.Full text Abstract
Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Thorax. 2017 Nov;72(suppl 2):ii1-64.Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Pulmonary tuberculosis
- Other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
- HIV-related lymphoma
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV
More GuidelinesPatient information
Quitting smoking
More Patient information
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