Alcohol withdrawal

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  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源

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最后审阅： 12 Dec 2025
最后更新： 10 Dec 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • alcohol use
  • change in mental status
  • hallucinations
  • seizures
  • delusions
  • hypertension or hypotension
  • fever or hypothermia
  • hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
  • features of clinical instability
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • tremor
  • nausea and vomiting
  • anorexia
  • anxiety/restlessness
  • emotional lability
  • insomnia
  • irritability
  • diaphoresis
  • headache
  • fine tremor
  • agitation
  • tachycardia
完整详情

危险因素

  • history of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and alcohol withdrawal delirium
  • abrupt withdrawal of alcohol
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • BUN and serum creatinine
  • LFTs
  • ethanol concentration
  • electrolyte panel
  • CBC
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • CT of head
  • chest x-ray
  • electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • blood-borne virus screen
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

专家顾问

Hong K. Kim, MD, MPH

Associate Professor

Department of Emergency Medicine

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

HKK declares that he has no competing interests.

Nicholas J. Connors, MD

Program Director

HCA Healthcare/Mercer University/Trident Medical Center

Emergency Medicine Residency Program

Charleston

SC

利益声明

NJC declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Kinjal Sethuraman, MD, MPH

Associate Director

International Emergency Medicine

Long Island Jewish Hospital

New York

NY

利益声明

KS declares that he has no competing interests.

Paul S. Haber, MD

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Discipline of Medicine

The University of Sydney

Sydney

Australia

利益声明

PSH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 15;69(6):1443-50.全文  摘要

American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3s suppl 1):1-72.全文  摘要

Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text revision. (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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  • 指南

    • The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management
    • Assessment and management of alcohol dependence and withdrawal in the acute hospital
    更多 指南

  • Calculators

    Alcohol Consumption Screening AUDIT Questionnaire

    More Calculators

  • Patient information

    Alcohol withdrawal

    More Patient information
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