All cases of suspected meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis should be reported urgently to local public health authorities.[104]Chaudhuri A, Martinez-Martin P, Kennedy PG, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of community-acquired bacterial meningitis: report of an EFNS Task Force on acute bacterial meningitis in older children and adults. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Jul;15(7):649-59.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02193.x
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18582342?tool=bestpractice.com
Chemoprophylaxis with ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or rifampin is recommended for all household and day care contacts of patients with suspected or known meningococcal infections.[59]van de Beek D, Cabellos C, Dzupova O, et al. ESCMID guideline: diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 May;22(suppl 3):S37-62.
https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(16)00020-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27062097?tool=bestpractice.com
[165]Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Fraser A, Gafter-Gvili A, et al. Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 25;(10):CD004785.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004785.pub5/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163051?tool=bestpractice.com
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) also suggests secondary prophylaxis in persons exposed to patients with meningococcal meningitis, or in patients themselves, where additional treatment may be needed to eradicate the infection from the nasopharyngeal carriage. This includes in patients where ceftriaxone or cefotaxime were not used for treatment. Ceftriaxone clears the nasopharyngeal carriage effectively after a single dose. The CDC recommends that either a course of rifampin or a single dose of either ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone be given to these patients before hospital discharge to eradicate infection within the nasopharyngeal carriage.[105]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease: clinical guidance for meningococcal disease. Aug 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/hcp/clinical-guidance/index.html
Chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis is generally not routinely indicated for healthcare workers. However, the CDC recommends antimicrobial prophylaxis to healthcare personnel, regardless of vaccination status, whom have had close, face-to-face exposure to Neisseria meningitidis during activities such as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, endotracheal tube placement or management, or open airway suctioning while not wearing or correctly using recommended personal protective equipment. Brief, non-face-to-face contact, is generally not considered an exposure, including unprotected direct contact with the respiratory secretions or saliva of a person colonized with N meningitidis, but in patients without signs of clinical disease.[166]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection control: meningococcal disease. Mar 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/meningococcal-disease.html#cdcreference_14
Immunization with meningococcal or Hib vaccine should be considered in the public health management of an outbreak. Primary vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, N meningitidis , and Hib should be given to all at-risk groups.[59]van de Beek D, Cabellos C, Dzupova O, et al. ESCMID guideline: diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 May;22(suppl 3):S37-62.
https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(16)00020-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27062097?tool=bestpractice.com
[104]Chaudhuri A, Martinez-Martin P, Kennedy PG, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of community-acquired bacterial meningitis: report of an EFNS Task Force on acute bacterial meningitis in older children and adults. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Jul;15(7):649-59.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02193.x
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18582342?tool=bestpractice.com