Summary
Differentials
Common
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Choledocholithiasis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Drug-induced liver injury
- Ascending cholangitis
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- Liver metastases
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Decompensated cirrhosis
- Acute liver failure
- Acute-on-chronic liver failure
Uncommon
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Hepatitis E
- Hepatitis D
- Leptospirosis
- Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) cholangiopathy
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Post-operative stricture
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Wilson's disease
- Hereditary haemochromatosis
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Parasitic infections
- AIDS cholangiopathy
- Heart failure
Contributors
Authors
Consultant Hepatologist
University Hospital Southampton
Southampton
UK
Disclosures
JP declares that she has no competing interests.
Hepatology Specialist Registrar
University Hospital Southampton
Southampton
UK
Disclosures
AS declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Janisha Patel and Dr Alex Smith would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Rene Ramnarace, Dr Harry R. Dalton, Dr Peter Draganov, and Dr Grant F. Hutchins, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
RR, HRD, PD, and GFH declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Associate Professor of Surgery
Division of General Pediatric Surgery; Director of the Trauma Program
Children's Hospital
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
JSU declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant
Laparoscopic Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeon
Derriford Hospital
Plymouth
UK
Disclosures
GS declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Medicine
Division of Liver Diseases
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York
NY
Disclosures
JA declares that he has no competing interests.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer