Summary
Differentials
Common
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Choledocholithiasis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Drug-induced liver injury
- Ascending cholangitis
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- Liver metastases
- Haemolytic anaemia
Uncommon
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Hepatitis E
- Hepatitis D
- Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) cholangiopathy
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Post-operative stricture
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Wilson's disease
- Parasitic infections
- AIDS cholangiopathy
Contributors
Authors
Consultant Gastroenterologist and Associate Lecturer in Medicine
University of the West Indies
Department of Medicine
San Fernando General Hospital
San Fernando
Trinidad
West Indies
Disclosures
RR declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Rene Ramnarace would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Harry R. Dalton, Dr Peter Draganov, and Dr Grant F. Hutchins, previous contributors to this topic.
Peer reviewers
Associate Professor of Surgery
Division of General Pediatric Surgery; Director of the Trauma Program
Children's Hospital
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
JSU declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant
Laparoscopic Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeon
Derriford Hospital
Plymouth
UK
Disclosures
GS declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Medicine
Division of Liver Diseases
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York
NY
Disclosures
JA declares that he has no competing interests.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer