Typically presents with 4 characteristic features: TMJ pain, noise in the joint, masticatory muscle tenderness, and limited mandibular movement.
Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination.
Imaging tests are usually not required. A CT scan that includes the mandibular condyles may be useful for diagnosing osteoarthritis, if bone degeneration is present.
Generally a self-limiting disorder. Treatment options include joint rest, or a brief course of benzodiazepines may be useful in selected patients. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help people with the internal derangement or osteoarthritis subtypes.
TMJ syndrome is a term describing several painful disorders involving the mandibular joint. The 3 most common subtypes are myofascial pain and dysfunction, internal derangement, and osteoarthritis.
[1]
Dimitroulis G. Temporomandibular disorders: a clinical update. BMJ. 1998;317:190-194.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1113540/?tool=pubmed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665905?tool=bestpractice.com
Myofascial pain and dysfunction is the most common subtype and affects the muscles of mastication. Internal derangement involves the dislocation of the articular disc in the glenoid fossa. Osteoarthritis of the TMJ involves degeneration of the articular cartilage.