Hip fractures

  • Overview
  • Theory
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Follow up
  • Resources

When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 21 Aug 2025

Summary

განსაზღვრება

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • inability to bear weight
  • pain in affected leg/hip
  • pain with hip movement
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • shortened and externally rotated leg
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • osteoporosis/osteopenia
  • age over 65 years
  • falls
  • low body mass index
  • female sex
  • high-energy trauma
  • medications
  • ethnicity
  • dementia
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • plain x-rays
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • MRI pelvis (without contrast)
  • CT pelvis (without contrast)
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

intracapsular (femoral neck) fracture

extracapsular (intertrochanteric) fracture

Colaboradores

Consultores especialistas

Herman Johal, MD, MPH, FRCSC

Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon

Assistant Professor

Department of Surgery

McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario

Canada

Declarações

HJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Herman Johal would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Bradley A. Petrisor and Dr Mohit Bhandari, the previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

BAP and MB declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Marc F. Swiontkowski, MD

Professor

Department of Orthopedic Surgery

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis

MN

Declarações

MFS is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Rudolf Poolman, MD, PhD

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis

Teaching Hospital with The University of Amsterdam

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Declarações

RP has been reimbursed by LINK for organizing education and research consultancy.

David Hackam, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

利益声明

DH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of hip fractures in older adults: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. December 2021 [internet publication].全文

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute hip pain. 2024 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Hip fractures images

  • 鉴别诊断

    • Acetabular fracture
    • Pubic rami fracture
    • Femoral shaft or subtrochanteric femur fracture
    更多 鉴别诊断

  • გაიდლაინები

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: acute hip pain
    • Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy
    更多 გაიდლაინები

  • პაციენტის ბროშურები

    Osteoporosis

    მეტი პაციენტის ბროშურები
  • padlock-lockedშედით სისტემაში ან გამოიწერეთ BMJ Best Practice

ამ მასალის გამოყენება ექვემდებარება ჩვენს განცხადებას