Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- recent trauma
- ankle pain and swelling
- inability to weight-bear
- medial and/or lateral malleolus swollen and tender to palpation
Other diagnostic factors
- 'pop' heard on fall
- ankle deformity
- crepitus
- tenderness of the proximal fibula
- tenting of the skin over the medial malleolus
- Ottawa ankle rules
- hx osteoporosis
- hx frequent falls
- vascular compromise
Risk factors
- osteoporosis
- multiple falls
- low-energy fall
- inversion injury to ankle
- playing sports
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors VIEW ALL
Resident
Orthopaedic Surgery
OLVG
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
ESV declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Joint Research
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
RWP declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Ewout S. Veltman and Dr Rudolf W. Poolman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mohit Bhandari and Dr Brad Petrisor, previous contributors to this monograph, as well as Dr Victor A. van de Graaf and Dr Dirk P. ter Meulen for their assistance with the final draft. MB and BP declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers VIEW ALL
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
UK
Disclosures
CCB is an author of several references cited in this monograph.
Professor
University of Kentucky School of Medicine
President and Chief Executive Officer
American Board of Family Medicine
Lexington
KY
Disclosures
JCP declares that he has no competing interests.
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Piscataway
NJ
Disclosures
PHC declares that he has no competing interests.
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