Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- dysmenorrhoea
- chronic or cyclic pelvic pain
- dyspareunia
- sub-fertility
- uterosacral ligament nodularity
- pelvic mass
- fixed, retroverted uterus
- depression
Risk factors
- reproductive age group
- white ethnicity
- positive FHx
- nulliparity
- low body mass index (BMI)
- mullerian anomalies
- autoimmune disease
- late first sexual encounter
- smoking
- previous caesarean section
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- rectal endoscopical ultrasound
- 3D ultrasonography
- hysterosalpingography
- MRI pelvis
- diagnostic laparoscopy
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors VIEW ALL
Associate Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Head of Gynaecology & Minimally Invasive Surgery
Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto
Mt. Sinai Hospital
Toronto
Canada
Disclosures
MJS is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph. He acts as a consultant for AbbVie (manufacturers of depot leuprolide) and Medtronic.
Clinical Fellow
Advanced Gynaecologic Surgery Department
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Mt. Sinai Hospital
University of Toronto
Toronto
Canada
Disclosures
AS declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr M. Jonathon Solnik and Dr Ari Sanders would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sharon M. Jakus, a previous contributor to this topic. SMJ declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers VIEW ALL
Professor
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
Vice Chairman
Reproductive Sciences
Director
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
PA
Disclosures
JSS declares that he has no competing interests.
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Leicester Royal Infirmary
Leicester
UK
Disclosures
JCK is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
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